GENETIC ANALYSIS FOR AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF F1 SOYBEAN GENERATION DERIVED FROM DIFFERENT VARIETAL CROSSES

Abstract

Seed yield is a major agronomic trait in soybeans, supported by several interrelated characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a screen house in Malang, East Java, Indonesia. The materials consisted of 545 F1 plants from 12 cross combinations. The parent genotypes included Grobogan, Dega 1, IAC 100, G100H, and Degra. The genetic analysis covered maternal effects, heterosis, heterobeltiosis, and gene action for various agronomic traits, such as plant height, number of branches, number of nodes, number of filled pods, number of empty pods, number of seeds per plant, and seed yield per plant. The seed yield of the F1 plants was mostly intermediate between that of the two parents. Dega 1 can serve as either male or female parents, while Grobogan showed significant differences when crossed with IAC 100 or G100H. Parental genotypes and specific agronomic conditions influence heterosis and heterobeltiosis values. Heterosis levels vary, with only two cross combinations exhibiting positive heterobeltiosis. Genes with negative overdominance control seed yield characteristics. Grobogan and Dega 1 could be used as female parents to enhance the agronomic traits of soybeans.