Nature-Based Agromaritime Innovation Using Casuarina equisetifolia for Coastal Restoration and Resilience in Bengkulu

Abstract

Coastal ecosystems are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic disturbances and climate-driven processes, leading to shoreline instability and ecosystem degradation. While nature-based solutions (NbS) have been widely promoted, their integration with locally adapted vegetation and socio-ecological systems remains limited, particularly in tropical estuarine environments. This study addresses this gap by developing a nature-based agromaritime innovation framework using Casuarina equisetifolia as a key pioneer species to enhance coastal restoration and resilience in Bengkulu, Indonesia.

A quantitative, non-destructive vegetation analysis was conducted in two estuarine systems with contrasting disturbance levels using a nested sampling design (2×2 m to 20×20 m). Ecological parameters, including density, frequency, dominance, and Important Value Index (IVI), were analyzed alongside abiotic factors. A total of 29 species from 21 families were identified. C. equisetifolia exhibited absolute dominance at the tree level (IVI 287–300%), indicating strong ecological adaptability and a critical role in sediment stabilization and microclimate regulation. In contrast, the less disturbed site showed higher species diversity and more complex regeneration patterns, reflecting greater ecological resilience.

Building on these findings, this study proposes an integrated agromaritime innovation model that combines coastal greenbelt development, silvofishery systems, and community-based management. This approach functions as a scalable NbS that simultaneously enhances shoreline protection, supports ecosystem recovery, and promotes sustainable livelihoods. The study contributes to advancing NbS implementation in tropical coastal systems by linking vegetation dynamics with socio-ecological innovation for long-term coastal resilience.