Regional Development Typology in the Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Abstract

The Jabodetabek region—comprising Jakarta and its surrounding cities, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi—is the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, and indeed the world, serving as the country’s main hub for government, economic activity and trade. Despite its strategic importance, the region continues to undergo rapid and spatially varied development. This study examines the typology of regional development in the Jabodetabek metropolitan area using Village Potential (PODES) data from 2018 and 2024. Hierarchical analysis based on scalograms was used to calculate the Regional Development Index (RDI), whilst growth rate analysis and Theil Index decomposition were applied to assess development dynamics and spatial inequality, respectively. Findings indicate that Bogor Tengah Sub-district, Bogor City, consistently recorded the highest RDI values in both 2018 (128.46) and 2024 (144.72), confirming its sustained position as the most advanced hierarchical region. The observed increase in the RDI indicates substantial improvements in the availability of facilities and the provision of public services. An analysis of inequality reveals that in 2018, inequality within the districts stood at 0.11, accounting for 77.6% of total inequality, with Bekasi making the largest contribution (0.33). By 2024, inequality within districts had risen to 0.78—accounting for 70.3% of total inequality—with Bekasi remaining the primary contributor (0.025). These results indicate a pattern of uneven development across the Jabodetabek region, where growth remains concentrated in specific areas. Consequently, more balanced and integrated development policies are essential to foster a sustainable and equitable metropolitan system.