Optimizing Reproductive Success of the Wild Silkworm Attacus atlas through Artificial Insemination for Sustainable Bioresources Management

Abstract

The wild silkworm Attacus atlas is a valuable tropical bioresource with high economic potential; however, its reproductive success is often limited by asynchronous emergence and low mating rates in natural conditions. Artificial insemination (AI) has been introduced as a potential strategy to overcome these constraints. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of AI on the reproductive performance of female A. atlas imago. Female A. atlas imago was divided into inseminated and non-inseminated groups, and key reproductive parameters including body weight, oviposition, retained eggs, and lifespan were comparatively assessed. The results showed that inseminated females were capable of oviposition, demonstrating the feasibility of AI in inducing reproductive activity. However, they exhibited lower numbers of oviposited eggs (51.61±84.02 eggs), higher retained eggs (207.06±82.22 eggs), and shorter lifespan 2.61±2.75 eggs) compared to non-inseminated individuals. These findings indicate that while AI is functionally applicable, its current implementation may still be limited by technical factors affecting efficiency. In conclusion, AI holds promising potential as a tool to support breeding and sustainable management of A. atlas, particularly in overcoming natural reproductive constraints, although further optimization is required to enhance its effectiveness.