The 3rd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2026)
The 3rd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2026) is a ground-breaking event exploring emerging science, innovation and technology in fostering future advancement of tropical bioresources. The ISOTOBAT 2026 is organized by The Directorate of Strategic Studies and Academic Reputation, IPB University, in collaboration with Asosiasi Reproduksi Hewan Indonesia (ARHI; https://arhi.or.id/) and New Mexico State University, United States of America (https://nmsu.edu/). This premier event is dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding of tropical bioresources across various sectors including agriculture, forestry, marine, and animal sciences. The seminar is designed as a multidisciplinary platform for experts, researchers, students, and enthusiasts to share insights and foster collaborations towards a sustainable and healthier future. This seminar focuses on promoting sustainable innovation for the management of tropical bioresources in the digital era, exploring new strategies and technologies to enhance resource efficiency, environmental conservation, and economic development. ISOTOBAT 2026 builds on the success of the 2024 and 2025 conferences. It aims to attract more than 200 paper submissions, with international contributions projected to reach 30%. The table below summarizes the key information from the previous ISOTOBAT conferences. Conference Name Date Numbers of Paper Proceedings Link ISOTOBAT 2024 May 28-29, 2024 80 Papers BIO WoC Vol. 123 (2024) ISOTOBAT 2025 May 22-23, 2025 65 Papers BIO WoC Vol. 186 (2025) ISOTOBAT 2026 carries the theme "Tropical Bioresources for One Health: Integrating Biotechnology, Digital Tools, and Sustainability". The seminar will feature four key sub-themes, each addressing a distinct dimension of tropical bioresources: Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Agroforestry, and Agromaritime Innovation. Socio-economics and Business Transformation in Tropical Bioresources. Innovative Technologies in Bioresource Science and Engineering. Bioresources in Food and Nutrition for a Healthier Future. By bringing together researchers, practitioners, industry, and policymakers, ISOTOBAT 2026 fosters cross-sector collaboration, encourages joint research and authorship, and strengthens global partnerships in tropical bioresources. This collaborative platform is essential for accelerating innovation, advancing evidence-based solutions, and promoting sustainable resource management—key steps toward improving health outcomes, strengthening resilience, and contributing to broader sustainable development goals.
Ethnozoological Use of Animal-Based Bioresources in Traditional Medicine: Diversity, Utilization Patterns, and Sustainability Concerns in Tropical Indonesia
Traditional knowledge about the use of animal-based biological resources is an important but under-documented component of public health systems in tropical regions, especially in areas with limited access to modern health services. This study examines ethnozoological practices in multi-ethnic communities in Seko Besar Village, Sarolangun Regency, Jambi, Indonesia, with a focus on the diversity of animal species used, how they are used, and their socio-ecological implications. A qualitative descriptive approach was used through semi-structured interviews, participatory and non-participatory observations, and documentation involving 45 respondents from the Javanese, Sundanese, and Melayu tribes. The results showed that there were 25 species of animals used as traditional medicines, reflecting the wealth of local ecological knowledge integrated into the cultural practices of the community. Melayu’s showed the highest diversity of exclusive uses, indicating a stronger level of retention of traditional knowledge than other ethnic groups. The animal parts used include meat, bile, fat, and mucus, with various processing techniques such as boiling, burning, and directly applied, to address various types of diseases, including infectious diseases, metabolic disorders, and inflammation. This practice indicates a functional relationship between biodiversity and public health needs on a local scale. However, these findings also show a potential sustainability problem, where 5 of the 25 animal species used are included in the category of protected animals based on national regulations, thus potentially causing ecological pressure if their use is not managed properly. Nevertheless, communities show adaptive strategies, such as limited maintenance and selective use, which can be understood as a form of conservation awareness that develops implicitly in local practices. This research confirms that ethnozoological knowledge can be seen not only as cultural heritage, but also as a dynamic socio-ecological system that links human health, biodiversity utilization, and local governance. Within the framework of One Health, these findings emphasize the importance of bridging traditional knowledge with modern conservation and health policies to support the sustainable use of tropical biological resources. This research provides a starting basis for the development of interdisciplinary studies and policies aimed at integrating local knowledge into the sustainable management of biological resources in tropical ecosystems.
Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Agroforestry, and Agromaritime Innovation
Copyright (c) 2026 The 3rd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2026)
Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis) Liver-Derived Feed Additive Potently Enhances Bursa of Fabricius Follicular Development in Broiler Chickens
This study was driven by the potential of skipjack tuna liver—a nutrient-rich byproduct containing 51.67% protein and essential amino acids—as a functional feed supplement. Rather than focusing solely on growth performance, I directed my attention to the bursa of Fabricius, the primary lymphoid organ in birds responsible for B lymphocyte maturation. Histological changes in this organ serve as a sensitive indicator of humoral immune system activity. A total of 300 day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided into four treatment groups over a 17-day period: a control group receiving basal feed, and three experimental groups supplemented with 1%, 3%, and 5% skipjack tuna liver powder per kg of feed. On day 18, the bursae were collected, processed using standard hematoxylin-eosin staining, and subjected to morphometric analysis. Follicle, medulla, and cortex areas were measured using ImageJ software. The quantitative results were striking. In the control group, the mean follicular area was 29,617.67 µm². The 5% supplementation group exhibited an approximately threefold expansion, reaching 87,206.28 µm². The medullary area—the site of B cell proliferation—increased significantly from 11,827.26 µm² in controls to 25,488.56 µm² in the 5% group. Similarly, the cortical area expanded from 17,792.41 µm² to 61,717.72 µm². These significant expansions across all follicular compartments provide quantitative evidence that skipjack tuna liver powder supplementation actively stimulates the development of this primary lymphoid organ. These findings demonstrate that this byproduct functions not merely as a nutritional source, but as a bioactive immunomodulator capable of strengthening the foundation of the adaptive immune system in broiler chickens during their critical early growth phase.
Ectoparasite Networks in Captive Ungulates: Implications for Disease Transmission and Anoa (Bubalus spp.) Conservation
Ectoparasites play a critical role in animal health by reducing host fitness and transmitting pathogens, particularly in captive wildlife systems. However, a global synthesis of ectoparasite diversity in captive ungulates remains limited, especially for anoa (Bubalus spp.). This study aims to review the diversity of ectoparasites, host–parasite interactions, and associated disease risks in captive ungulates. A systematic literature review was conducted following the Population–Concept–Context (PCC) framework and PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Searches across major databases up to February 2026 yielded 1,251 records, of which 16 studies met the inclusion criteria. Five major ectoparasite groups were identified: ticks (Ixodidae), deer keds (Lipoptena spp.), mites (Sarcoptes, Demodex), lice (Haematopinus spp.), and biting flies (Stomoxys, Haematobia). Network analysis revealed that ticks had the highest centrality, acting as key connectors that link multiple host species to vector-borne pathogens such as Babesia, Theileria, Anaplasma, and Bartonella. In contrast, other ectoparasites showed higher host specificity and modular interaction patterns. Environmental conditions and enclosure management were consistently associated with infestation levels. These findings indicate that ectoparasite communities form structured ecological networks, with generalist parasites playing a central role in disease transmission. This study highlights the importance of integrated parasite monitoring and habitat management to support captive breeding and conservation of the anoa.
Antimicrobial Driven Plant Selection and Nesting Ecology of Megachile sp. in a Tropical Arboretum of the Wallacea Bioregion
Solitary leafcutter bees (Megachile spp., Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) are key pollinators in tropical ecosystems, yet their nesting ecology and plant selection remain poorly understood in Southeast Asian biodiversity hotspots. This study aims to investigate the nesting behaviour, nest architecture, and plant associations of Megachile sp. in the Kawanua Arboretum, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, within the Wallacea bioregion. A total of 15 active ground nests were analysed using purposive sampling, and associated plant species were identified. Nests were constructed in soil at depths of 8.47 ± 2.93 cm, with entrance diameters of 11.00 ± 0.85 mm and an average of 5.93 ± 0.80 brood cells per nest. Significant positive correlations were found between nest diameter and tunnel depth (r = 0.903, p < 0.0001), and between diameter and brood cell number (r = 0.952, p < 0.0001). Eighteen plant species from eleven families were identified as nesting and floral resources. Nest construction materials were predominantly derived from plant species with documented antimicrobial properties, including Diospyros spp., Syzygium spp., and Etlingera elatior. These findings provide the first ecological evidence from the Wallacea region suggesting that Megachile sp. may preferentially select antimicrobial-rich plant species for brood protection. This study highlights the ecological linkage between nesting behaviour, plant chemistry, and habitat structure, with implications for pollinator conservation in tropical landscapes.
Lichen (Usnea barbata L.) Extract on the Growth of the Broadleaf Weed Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.)
Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides L.) grows on agricultural land and is considered a weed because it can cause disruption to cultivated plants. Therefore, its growth needs to be controlled, one of which is using herbicides. However, long-term use can have negative impacts. An environmentally friendly alternative for weed control is the use of botanical herbicides such as Lichen (Usnea barbata L.). This study aims to determine the effect of the lichen extract of U. barbata L. in inhibiting the growth of broadleaf weed bandotan A. conyzoides L., and to determine the effective concentration of lichen in inhibiting the growth of bandotan weed A. conyzoides L. The research method used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatment consisted of a negative control using distilled water, lichen extract concentrations of 50%, 62.5%, 75%, and a positive control using Gramoxone. The parameters observed included the number of leaves, dry weight, and phytotoxicity of A. conyzoides L. The results showed that the administration of U. barbata L. extract at a 75% extract concentration treatment had an effective inhibition of bandotan weed growth in observing the number of leaves and dry weight, while for phytotoxicity, the efficient extract dose used was a concentration of 62.5% because it had seen a stop in the number of leaves and the intensity of severe damage to bandotan (A. conyzoides).
Ageratum conyzoides L., extract, herbicide, Usnea barbata L.
Macrofungi Diversity in Rambu-Rambu Jaya Village, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi
Macrofungi are heterotrophic organisms that play an important role in forest ecosystems as decomposers, saprotrophs, mutualists, and pathogens. Southeast Sulawesi has high biodiversity but information on macrofungal diversity is very limited. This study aims to provide preliminary information on the diversity of macroscopic fungi in Rambu-Rambu Jaya Village, South Konawe Regency, Southeast Sulawesi. The method used was exploratory sampling with a purposive sampling technique. A total of 17 fungi were identified and described in this study. All of these fungi belong to the phylum Basidiomycota, which is divided into four orders and 10 families, namely Polyporaceae, Agaricaceae, Lyophyllaceae, Pluteaceae, Schizophyllaceae, Amanitaceae, Mycenaceae, Boleteceae, Hygrophoraceae and Hydnaceae . The results of abiotic environmental factors measured included an air temperature of 26°C, a soil pH of 6,3, air humidity of around 86%, and a light intensity of around 99,7, which are considered suitable for macrofungal growth. Based on the growing substrate, 71% of macrofungi were found growing on soil, and 29% were found on rotten wood
macrofungi, diversity, Southeast Sulawesi
Evaluation and Spatial Analysis of Coastal Ecosystem Distribution of Mangroves and Coral Reefs in the Waters of Situbondo and Trenggalek Regencies, East Java
Marine and fisheries resources represent a strategic sector that plays a crucial role in supporting community livelihoods and holds significant potential as a driver of economic growth. Therefore, maintaining the sustainability of coastal ecosystems is essential. Among these, mangrove forests and coral reefs are key ecosystems that provide vital ecological functions, yet they are increasingly under threat. Given these concerning conditions, it is necessary to conduct assessments to determine the extent of degradation, current ecosystem status, and the influence of human activities on mangrove and coral reef ecosystems. Such information is important to support sustainable management and the development of coastal and marine resource potential. This study was conducted in two locations: Situbondo Regency and Trenggalek Regency. The results indicate that the mangrove ecosystem in Situbondo Regency is generally in good condition, with areas classified as slightly degraded covering 149.86 ha and severely degraded covering 7.02 ha, while coral reef conditions fall within the moderate category. In Trenggalek Regency, mangrove ecosystems are also generally in good condition, covering 135 ha, with slightly degraded mangrove areas of 20 ha. Coral reef conditions in this region range from moderate to good.
Unlocking Halal Value for Sustainability: Integrating One Health and Islamic Marketing in Tropical Bioresource Economies
Tropical bioresources have the potential to enhance sustainability and public health. However, value chains in these sectors are frequently fragmented and may fail to meet ethical, environmental, or market standards. The combined application of the One Health framework and Islamic marketing (halal and tayyib) offers a means to address these gaps. This study examines how integrating One Health and Islamic marketing can unlock halal value and drive socio-economic transformation in tropical bioresource economies. A qualitative exploratory approach is employed, drawing on netnographic case studies to examine how halal value is constructed and leveraged for sustainability through the integration of One Health principles and Islamic marketing within tropical bioresource economies. Aligning halal assurance with One Health principles enhances product integrity and fosters consumer trust, thereby contributing to improved sustainability. Digital traceability increases transparency, while biotechnological innovations generate higher-value products. Collectively, these advancements support inclusive business models, expand market access, and promote rural economic growth. The integration of One Health and Islamic marketing has the potential to transform tropical bioresource sectors into ethical and competitive halal ecosystems, thereby fostering sustainable socio-economic growth.
Socio-economics and Business Transformation in Tropical Bioresources
Antioxidant Potential of Avicennia marina: A Review
Oxidative stress caused by excessive Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) accumulation contributes to the pathogenesis of chronic diseases, driving interest in natural antioxidant sources. Avicennia marina (Forssk.) Vierh., the most widely distributed mangrove species across the Indo-Pacific, accumulates high concentrations of secondary metabolites as adaptive responses to extreme environmental conditions. This narrative review aims to consolidate the scientific evidence on the antioxidant potential of A. marina across plant parts, identify key bioactive contributors, and evaluate the influence of extraction methods. Literature was retrieved from Scopus, PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar (2013-2025). The findings indicate that antioxidant activity varies significantly across plant parts and solvent polarities, with ethyl acetate extracts consistently demonstrating the highest capacity. Phenylethanoid glycosides (acteoside, cistanoside F, and jionoside C) were key contributors, showing a significant correlation with DPPH activity (ρ = 0,949; p = 0,014). In vivo studies confirmed that the Nrf2 pathway is the primary mechanism for enhancing antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GPx) and reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. Despite its potential, gaps remain in bioactive bioavailability and human clinical trials. Future research should prioritize the standardization of extracts for therapeutic applications.
Bioresources in Food and Nutrition for a Healthier Future
Avicennia marina,Antioxidant,Oxidative Stress,Bioactive Compounds
Phytochemical Profile of Avicennia marina from DifferentPlant Parts and Its potential in improving lipid profile: A Narrative Review
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. The limitations of conventional therapies have encouraged the search for safer, natural alternatives. Avicennia marina, a mangrove species widely distributed in tropical regions, is known for its diverse phytochemical composition and potential as an antihyperlipidemic agent. This review aims to analyze the phytochemical profile of A. marina across different plant parts and its association with lipid profile improvements. A narrative review was conducted using literature from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on the relationship between bioactive compounds and lipid-regulating mechanisms. This review aims to analyzethe phytochemical profile of A. marinaacross different plant parts and its association with lipid profile improvements.A narrative review was conducted using literature from PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar, focusing on the relationship between bioactive compounds and lipid-regulating mechanisms. This review highlights the link between plant-part-specific phytochemical distribution and lipid-lowering mechanisms, which remains underexplored, supporting Avicennia marina as a promising natural approach for hyperlipidemia management, pending clinical validation.
Avicennia marina, phytochemical, bioactive compounds, antihyperlipidemic, lipid profile, mangrove plant
Intake, digestibility and spermatozoa quality of Bali cattle bulls fed diets with various levels of indigofera as a substitute for concentrate
This study aimed to evaluate the level of indigofera use as a substitute for concentrate in breeding bulls on the quality of motility and integrity of sperm deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). The study was conducted using a 3x3 Youden Square design, which used 3 breeding Bali bulls, 4 ration treatments and 4 experimental periods. The evaluated treatments consisted of T1:50% grass + 50% concentrate; T2:50% grass + 37.5% concentrate + 12.5% ​​Indigofera; T3:50% grass + 25% concentrate + 25% Indigofera; T4:50% grass + 12.5% ​​concentrate + 37.5% Indigofera. Each experimental period was carried out for 16 days, namely 10 days of ration adjustment, 5 days of faeces collection, and 1 d of semen collection. Ration and faecal samples were analysed for proximate and fibre fractions and used to calculate nutrient digestibility. Semen was collected from each bull at each period and evaluated macroscopically (volume and colour), microscopically (motility, mortality, normality, concentration, and movement quality), and DNA integrity. Data were analysed for variance, followed by orthogonal polynomial tests. The results showed that increasing the level of Indigofera in the diet quadratically increased dry matter intake, crude protein and hemicellulose digestability, and semen viability, and linearly (P<0.05) decreased semen volume, motility, and abnormalities, but had no significant effect (p>0.05) on the percentage of intact plasma membrane (MPU), mortality, concentration, mass movement, and DNA damage. Considering both digestibility and reproductive parameters, the optimal inclusion level of Indigofera sp. for Bali cattle bulls is recommended to be 25%, as it provides a balance between improved nutrient digestibility and acceptable semen quality without compromising motility.
Indigofera; semen quality; spermatozoa DNA; nutrient digestibility, Bali cattle bull
Effect of the Ratio of Jackfruit Rind (Artocarpus heterophyllus) and Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) on the Physical, Chemical, and Organoleptic Characteristics of Sheet Jam
The use of jackfruit rind from Artocarpus heterophyllus, which contains high levels of pectin, is important to reduce dependence on commercial pectin while enhancing the value of agro-industrial by-products. Tamarillo (Solanum betaceum) has the potential to improve the quality of sheet jam due to its nutritional content, anthocyanins, and natural acidity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the jackfruit rind-to-tamarillo ratio on the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of sheet jam and to determine the optimal formulation. A Randomized Block Design with a single factor (ratio of jackfruit rind to tamarillo: 0:100, 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60) and three replications (15 samples) was applied. Data on color, moisture content, pH, and total soluble solids were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s test, while foldability and sensory data were analyzed using the Friedman test followed by Nemenyi. The results showed that the ratio significantly affected physical (foldability, color, moisture) and chemical (pH, total soluble solids) properties. Higher jackfruit rind increased foldability, acidity, and soluble solids, but decreased moisture and brightness. Sensory evaluation showed a significant effect on color, texture, and overall acceptance. The best formulation was 30:70
Consumer Perception and Market Readiness Toward Radiation Mutation Food Products: Future Agri-Business Challenges
The application of nuclear technology through radiation mutation breeding has yielded various superior food crop varieties characterized by high productivity and resilience to extreme climates. However, these technical achievements often encounter low public acceptance due to the negative stigma associated with the terms "nuclear" and "radiation." This study aims to analyse consumer perceptions regarding the safety and quality of food products derived from radiation mutation and to evaluate market readiness in adopting these products as part of future food security strategies. The research methodology employs a systematic literature review and descriptive analysis of consumer behaviour data. The findings indicate that technological literacy and labelling transparency are the primary determinants in increasing consumers' Willingness to Pay (WTP). This paper concludes that the transformation of nuclear-based agri-business requires effective risk communication strategies and robust collaboration between researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to shift public perception from apprehension toward science-based acceptance.
Radiation Mutation, Consumer Perception, Food Safety, Agri-Business, Nuclear Technology, Market Readiness.
Genetic diversity of East Java tobacco varieties: supporting nicotine regulation and industrial nicotine extraction
Indonesia is a prominent actor in the global tobacco industry as the largest producer and consumer. The industry is currently transitioning from conventional smoking towards extraction-based nicotine delivery and pharmaceutical applications. The chains shift towards harm-reduction products that allow farmers to remain profitable while improving global health outcomes. This study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity among established East Java tobacco varieties using SSR markers to differentiate tobacco types, including oriental, flue-cured, sun-cured, low- and high-nicotine varieties. We employ 11 SSR markers and 31 prominent tobacco varieties among tobacco farmers in East Java. Our dendrogram demonstrates the ability of the SSR markers to distinctly cluster and differentiate all tobacco varieties. Clustering analysis indicating clear genetic separation and non-overlapping genetic clusters among varieties further demonstrates that the SSR markers are a robust tool for plant variety testing (PVT), supporting reliable genotype identification. This finding provides valuable information on the genetic diversity of tobacco varieties in East Java and provides a framework for future breeding programmes transitioning from traditional cultivation for traditional combustion to developing ultra-efficient industrial nicotine extraction, supporting new global health regulations.
tobacco, genetic-diversity, SSR-markers, nicotine
Low-Cost Carbonaceous Priming from Candle Soot Enhances Germination and Ion Regulation in Phyllostachys edulis under Salinity
Seed priming has emerged as a strategy to enhance germination performance and improve plant tolerance to abiotic stress. In recent years, carbon-based materials have attracted attention due to their ability to modulate physiological and biochemical processes during early plant development. Soot particles could serve as an alternative to commercial carbon-based materials used as seed-priming agents. This study evaluates the potential of carbonaceous particles derived from candle soot to alleviate salinity stress in Phyllostachys edulis during germination and early seedling growth. Salinity is a major limiting factor affecting bamboo establishment, particularly in degraded and coastal environments. The results indicate that soot-based priming significantly improves germination parameters and enhances early seedling development under saline conditions. Treated seeds exhibited faster germination and improved vigor compared to untreated controls. Additionally, the priming treatment appeared to interfere with the uptake and transport of Na+ and Cl- ions, thereby reducing ionic toxicity during the early growth stage. In conclusion, carbonaceous particles derived from candle soot demonstrate strong potential as a low-cost and effective priming agent to improve salinity tolerance in bamboo. This approach provides a promising strategy for supporting bamboo cultivation in salt-affected areas while offering an alternative use of carbon-based materials for sustainable forestry applications.
Application of Belitung Taro (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) as a Wheat Flour Substitute in Dried Noodle Production
Indonesia remains highly dependent on wheat flour as a primary raw material in food production, particularly for noodles, while wheat is largely imported. This condition encourages the exploration of local resources as alternative substitutes for wheat flour. One promising local commodity is Belitung taro, which is still underutilized and mostly limited to traditional consumption rather than processed products such as dried noodles. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of dried noodles produced with Belitung taro substitution and to determine the optimum formulation that yields acceptable product quality. A completely randomized design (CRD) was applied with substitution levels of Belitung taro at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%, corresponding to wheat flour proportions of 100, 90, 80, 70, 60, and 50%. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The result showed moisture content of 4.53-7.8%, water absorption capacity of 83.86-100%, protein content of 10.34-14.31%, and ash content of 1.52-2.53%. Sensory evaluation indicated color preference score of 2.4-3.92, aroma 3.00-3.53, taste 3.21-3.56, and texture 3.17-3.71. ANOVA results revealed that taro substitution significantly affected moisture, protein, ash content, and color preference, but had no significant effect on water absorption, aroma, taste, and texture of the dried noodles.
Optimizing Reproductive Success of the Wild Silkworm Attacus atlas through Artificial Insemination for Sustainable Bioresources Management
The wild silkworm Attacus atlas is a valuable tropical bioresource with high economic potential; however, its reproductive success is often limited by asynchronous emergence and low mating rates in natural conditions. Artificial insemination (AI) has been introduced as a potential strategy to overcome these constraints. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of AI on the reproductive performance of female A. atlas imago. Female A. atlas imago was divided into inseminated and non-inseminated groups, and key reproductive parameters including body weight, oviposition, retained eggs, and lifespan were comparatively assessed. The results showed that inseminated females were capable of oviposition, demonstrating the feasibility of AI in inducing reproductive activity. However, they exhibited lower numbers of oviposited eggs (51.61±84.02 eggs), higher retained eggs (207.06±82.22 eggs), and shorter lifespan 2.61±2.75 eggs) compared to non-inseminated individuals. These findings indicate that while AI is functionally applicable, its current implementation may still be limited by technical factors affecting efficiency. In conclusion, AI holds promising potential as a tool to support breeding and sustainable management of A. atlas, particularly in overcoming natural reproductive constraints, although further optimization is required to enhance its effectiveness.
Characterizing Body Size Variation in Rex, Satin, and Rex-Satin Rabbits: Base and Selected Populations
This study aimed to characterize body size variation in Rex, Satin, and Rex-Satin rabbits across base and selected populations. The base population consisted of 25 Rex, 22 Satin, and 21 Rex-Satin rabbits (2005), while the selected population included 40 Rex, 39 Satin, and 40 Rex-Satin rabbits (2021). Morphometric traits measured included head and ear dimensions, chest measurements, limb bone lengths (humerus, radius-ulna, femur, tibia), and body length. Data were analyzed using General Linear Models, discriminant analysis, and canonical analysis. The results showed significant differences between base and selected populations in most traits. Rex bucks differed in chest circumference, chest width, humerus length, and femur length, while Rex does differed in all traits except ear length. Satin bucks showed differences in most traits except head width, ear length, and tibia length, whereas Satin does differed in several traits but not in head width, ear length, radius-ulna length, tibia length, and body length. In Rex-Satin rabbits, bucks differed in all traits except humerus length, while does differed in most traits except head width, ear width, chest width, radius-ulna length, and femur length. These findings highlight the impact of selection on body size traits, providing useful insights for rabbit breeding programs.
Lucia Cyrilla Eko Nugrohowati Supriyadi Dekrityana
Beyond a Beverage: An Ethnographic Study of Kopi Joss and Consumer Experience in Yogyakarta
Kopi Joss, a traditional charcoal-infuse coffee from Yogyakarta, represents a distinctive cultural product with strong socio-economic relevance. Despite its popularity, its role in shaping consumer behavior and supporting small-scale business sustainability remains underexplored. This study aims to analyze the cultural significance, consumer preferences, and business potential of kopi joss within the angkringan setting. An ethnographic and exploratory approach was employed, combining participant observation, in-depth interviews, and a consumer survey conducted in major angkringan areas in Yogyakarta in August 2025. A total of 31 vendors and 51 consumers were included. Consumer analysis indicates that the majority of consumers are adults aged 18-55 years, followed by elderly groups (>55 years), including both domestic consumers and tourists. Consumer motivations are primarily driven by curiosity (31%), followed by unique sensory experience (25%), cultural identity (22%), authentic social atmosphere (16%), and health considerations (6%). Affordability (IDR 5,000–12,000) strengthens its appeal across diverse segments. The findings reveal that Kopi Joss functions not only as a beverage but also as a medium for social interaction and cultural expression. This study highlights kopi joss as a culturally driven business practice that enhances the resilience of small-scale enterprises and underscores the importance of integrating cultural value and consumer experience in supporting sustainable socio-economic development.
Identification of protein in black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) through trans-proteomic pipeline
The global demand for protein has kept increasing in recent years. Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae have been studied for their bioconversion capabilities and optimization of medium culture; however, comprehensive knowledge of their genetic and proteomic profile remains limited. This study aimed to explore the proteomic profile of BSF larvae and evaluate different hydrolysis methods based on the amount of protein produced and the number of unique proteins identified. The BSF larvae were hydrolyzed with four different treatments: using trypsin incubated for 3, 5, and 7 hours and using papain incubated for 5 hours. The resulting hydrolysates were analyzed using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), followed by trans-proteomic pipeline (TPP) analysis. The hydrolysis method yielding the highest number of identified proteins was papain 5-hour papain incubation (150 proteins), followed by 7-hour trypsin (127 proteins), 3-hour trypsin (95 proteins), and 5-hour trypsin (68 proteins). Several proteins identified in the BSF larval hydrolysates with potential biomedical application include Nazo protein, autophagy-related protein 13, coronin, yellow protein, cytochrome P450, and collagen. Interestingly, despite yielding a lower total protein count, the recommended hydrolysis method to produce the highest number of proteins with biomedical potential was 3-hour trypsin incubation.
Innovative Technologies in Bioresource Science and Engineering
Molecular Dynamics Insight into the Lipid II Recognition for the Lantibiotic Antimicrobial Agent Candidates : Cesin, Rombocin, and Nisin
Antimicrobial agent is a substance that inhibits or kills microorganisms, but it may also contribute to antimicrobial resistance problem after prolonged exposure through structural mutation in the microorganism. Lipid II is a structure in the microorganism that is evolutionarily conserved despite the structural mutation and therefore very attractive as a drug target. Nisin is an antimicrobial agent from the lantibiotic group that target Lipid II using Ring A-B, coupled with its ability to create pores on the membrane using Ring D-E. Recent research found that cesin without the Ring D-E and rombocin without Ring E still exhibit similar inhibitory concentration compared to nisin, although the molecular information underlying this activity remains unclear. Here, we investigate how the ring A-B regions of cesin, rombocin, and nisin interact with dimethyl pyrophosphate (DMPPi), a molecule that mimics the pyrophosphate group of Lipid II. This study employed global molecular docking using AutoDock Vina to predict the binding pose, then, compared with the molecular dynamics simulation results using NAMD and further optimized with the local molecular docking around the lowest binding energy interaction position between the peptides and DMPPi. Interaction between DMPPi to cesin and rombocin indicate a better results compared to nisin.
Green Energy Transition: Do ESG Scores Enhance Corporate Performance and Firm Value?
This study analyzes the influence of Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) scores on the performance and value of energy sector companies in Indonesia for the 2015–2024 period. This research is crucial because the energy sector is often identified as the largest contributor to carbon emissions and faces increasing pressure from regulations and demands for a green energy transition. Understanding how sustainability practices impact financial outcomes is vital for energy companies in Indonesia to balance environmental responsibility with profitability. Corporate performance is measured using Return on Assets (ROA) and Return on Equity (ROE), while the Tobin's Q ratio measures firm value. The results show that ESG scores simultaneously have a significant positive effect on both financial performance and firm value. To some extent, the environmental and governance pillars are the dominant factors in increasing investor confidence and operational efficiency. This proves that ESG disclosure is not merely a cost burden but a strategic investment that strengthens legitimacy and reduces market risk. These findings provide a basis for regulators and energy sector managers to strengthen sustainability policies further to ensure corporate competitiveness in the global capital market.
Consumer perceptions and behaviour toward plant-based meat analogues: A case study in Greater Jakarta, Indonesia
Growing awareness of health and sustainability has encouraged the development of meat analogue products, yet consumer acceptance remains varied. This study aims to analyse consumer perceptions and behaviours toward meat analogues in the Greater Jakarta area by distinguishing between less-experienced and experienced consumers. A quantitative, descriptive survey was conducted with 315 respondents. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed statistically. The results show that less-experienced consumers are influenced by price perception, food neophobia, and limited sensory evaluation, which reduce consumption intention. In contrast, experienced consumers rely on actual consumption experience, particularly sensory attributes, perceived value, and trust in halal aspects. Environmental concern positively influences both consumer groups. It can be concluded that consumption experience plays a critical role in shaping consumer perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours toward meat analogue products, highlighting its importance for product development and marketing strategies.
The white pepper landscape (Piper nigrum L.) studies: a bibliometric analysis and prospective pa...
This bibliometric study examines 264 Scopus-indexed articles from 2006 to 2026 on white pepper using VOSviewer and Excel. Results highlight a 2022 publication peak, with Indonesia (47), China (41), and Malaysia (30) leading global output, alongside significant contributions from the US and Europe. The thematic landscape is currently dominated by production, process, quality, and extraction of white pepper. Other established clusters in white pepper research include essential oils, antioxidant activity, and GC-MS profiling. Future research pathways are encouraged to address critical gaps in authentication, conduct comprehensive physicochemical and sensory evaluations, and perform in-depth investigations into detection limits for ensuring the food safety of whole and ground white pepper and its derivative products. Furthermore, opportunities exist in optimizing both volatile and non-volatile compounds of white pepper in functional food products, as well as addressing the socio-economic challenges faced by farmers.
spices, food innovation, bioactive, review, flavor
Optimizing Formulation and Geometry of Agar–Tapioca-Based Biodegradable Retentive Intravaginal Modules
The development of biodegradable retentive intravaginal modules requires a balance between material characteristics and design to ensure product integrity within the reproductive tract. This study is a preliminary investigation aimed at examining the effects of variations in material formulation and design geometry on the physical stability of agar- and tapioca starch-based retentive intravaginal modules. A total of 36 module variations were fabricated through a series of experimental steps involving variations in agar concentration, tapioca starch concentration, the addition of plasticizers such as glycerin and polyethylene glycol, and modifications to the synthetic polymer polycaprolactone. Evaluation was conducted through qualitative physical observation of moldability, density, and manual flexibility across design evolutions ranging from Y-shaped, rod-shaped, to circular forms. The observation results indicated that the Y-shaped design faced challenges during module removal from the mold and fracture susceptibility at the junction of the arms, whereas the rod-shaped design tended to be rigid. The circular design ensures a more even pressure distribution, thereby minimizing the risk of breakage when subjected to mechanical stress. Based on descriptive assessment, module no. 36, which combines agar, tapioca starch, and glycerin through heating and steaming techniques, yielded the most stable consistency with uniform density and good manual flexibility, showing no signs of damage when bent. This study provides a foundation that the synergy between the agar-tapioca hydrocolloid base and circular geometry holds potential for the further development of intravaginal implant prototypes.
biodegradable, intravaginal implant, tapioca, agar
Predicting Agricultural Land Conversion and Socio-Economic Displacement Induced by High-Speed Rail Development: A Case Study of the Tegalluar Station, West Java
Large-scale transportation infrastructure projects, such as the Jakarta-Bandung High-Speed Railway (JB-HSR), are known to stimulate regional economic growth. However, they also frequently generate significant spatial and socio-economic disruptions, particularly in historically agrarian peri-urban regions. In West Java, the construction of the Tegalluar Final Station exacerbated by the forthcoming Bandung Technopolis and Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) policies pose a considerable threat to local farming livelihoods through accelerated agricultural land conversion. The existing literature predominantly emphasizes macroeconomic benefits or provides retrospective evaluations of high-speed rail networks, leaving a critical gap in micro-scale predictive assessments that account for socio-economic displacement. This ongoing study seeks to forecast spatiotemporal changes in agricultural land surrounding the Tegalluar Station up to 2036 and systematically evaluate their subsequent effects on the economic resilience of traditional farming communities. A mixed-methods approach is employed to address this complex intersection. Predictive spatial modeling of Land Use and Land Cover (LULC) changes driven by proximity to the station is conducted using a Cellular Automata-Markov Chain (CA-Markov) analysis. Concurrently, the socio-economic implications for local livelihoods are assessed through in-depth qualitative fieldwork, with thematic shifts systematically coded and analyzed in NVivo. By ultimately integrating qualitative socio-economic variables into the built-up forecasting model, this research aims to provide a comprehensive, forward-looking framework to assist policymakers in balancing transportation-driven urbanization with socio-economic resilience in sustainable regional planning.
Development of High-Fiber Functional Instant Noodles from Sago, Kidney Bean, and Dragon Fruit: Nutritional, Sensory, and Satiety Index Evaluation for Obesity Prevention
The rising prevalence of obesity, largely driven by low dietary fiber intake and high consumption of energy-dense foods, necessitates the development of healthier staple food alternatives. This study aimed to develop a functional instant noodle product based on sago flour, kidney bean flour, and dragon fruit, and to evaluate its nutritional composition, sensory properties, and satiety index. An experimental design with four formulations was applied, varying the proportion of wheat flour, sago, and kidney bean flour. Analyses included proximate composition, dietary fiber, physicochemical properties, and sensory evaluation using 21 panelists. The satiety index (SI) was measured using a randomized crossover design with a visual analogue scale, employing white bread as the reference (SI = 100). The selected formulation with 52% sago-kidney bean substitution contained 6.1% dietary fiber, meeting the criteria for high-fiber food claims, and demonstrated the highest overall sensory acceptance (7.66±1.46). Notably, the selected formula exhibited a higher preference and satiety index than white bread, indicating a stronger and more sustained satiety response. This effect is associated with the presence of resistant starch from sago and the combined fiber–protein matrix of kidney beans. In conclusion, noodle with sago and kidney bean substitution is a promising functional food with enhanced nutritional quality, good consumer acceptability, and superior satiety potential compared to conventional carbohydrate sources, supporting its role in obesity prevention and sustainable food diversification.
Mapping the Global Landscape and Research Trends of Polled and Horned Ruminants in Genetics Animal Welfare and Production Systems
The management of horned and polled livestock has evolved from a physical husbandry concern into a complex multidisciplinary field. This study aims to provide a comprehensive bibliometric synthesis of the global research landscape regarding horned and polled ruminants from 2001 to 2025. A total of 435 high-quality documents were retrieved from the Web of Science and analyzed using Biblioshiny and VOSviewer to map temporal trends, geographical distributions, and conceptual structures. The analysis reveals a clear paradigm shift over the past 25 years, transitioning from an exploratory phase focused on the pain management of dehorning to a rapid growth phase centered on genetic selection and genomic mapping. The intellectual structure is organized around five primary axes: animal welfare, genetics, productivity, meat science, and evolutionary biology. While the United States, China, and Western Europe dominate knowledge production, a significant literature deficit exists regarding extensive and tropical systems, specifically concerning local germplasm like Bos indicus. The findings suggest that animal welfare acts as the pivotal conceptual bridge between genetic research and production efficiency. However, the future research agenda must address current geographical disparities by integrating genomic data with holistic performance evaluations in diverse environments.
Regional Development Typology in the Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area, Indonesia
The Jabodetabek region—comprising Jakarta and its surrounding cities, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi—is the largest metropolitan area in Indonesia, and indeed the world, serving as the country’s main hub for government, economic activity and trade. Despite its strategic importance, the region continues to undergo rapid and spatially varied development. This study examines the typology of regional development in the Jabodetabek metropolitan area using Village Potential (PODES) data from 2018 and 2024. Hierarchical analysis based on scalograms was used to calculate the Regional Development Index (RDI), whilst growth rate analysis and Theil Index decomposition were applied to assess development dynamics and spatial inequality, respectively. Findings indicate that Bogor Tengah Sub-district, Bogor City, consistently recorded the highest RDI values in both 2018 (128.46) and 2024 (144.72), confirming its sustained position as the most advanced hierarchical region. The observed increase in the RDI indicates substantial improvements in the availability of facilities and the provision of public services. An analysis of inequality reveals that in 2018, inequality within the districts stood at 0.11, accounting for 77.6% of total inequality, with Bekasi making the largest contribution (0.33). By 2024, inequality within districts had risen to 0.78—accounting for 70.3% of total inequality—with Bekasi remaining the primary contributor (0.025). These results indicate a pattern of uneven development across the Jabodetabek region, where growth remains concentrated in specific areas. Consequently, more balanced and integrated development policies are essential to foster a sustainable and equitable metropolitan system.
Physicochemical and Morphological Evaluation of Sago (Metroxylon sago) Waste Following Enzymatic Hydrolysis by Xylanase
Sago waste is a lignocellulosic byproduct of sago strach processing characterized by a high complex carbohydrates content, particularly hemicellulose with a dominant xylan fraction. Converting xylan into xylooligosaccharides (XOs), a high-value prebiotic, is the main focus for optimizing the use of this waste. This study aims to evaluate the characteristics of sago waste hydrolyzed by endo-b-1,4-D-xylanase using various substrate concentrations: 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% (w/v). The methodology involved enzymatic hydrolysis and analysis of reducing sugar and fiber composition. The hydrolysis products were visualized using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results demonstrated that increased substrate concentration correlated positively with the release of reducing sugars; the 20% substrate yielded the highest concentration. Compositional analysis revealed hemicellulose degradation after enzymatic hydrolysis; levels decreased from 28.50% in the control to 19.79% in the 20% treatment, while cellulose content remained stable. TLC analysis revealed that the enzymatic hydrolysis yielded XOs, specifically xylotetrose (X4), xylopentose (X5), and xylohexose (X6). SEM analysis showed that post-hydrolysis, sago waste appeared coarse, degraded, and irregularly layered, with significantly diminished cavity sizes compared to the pristine, spherical morphology of untreated samples. These findings demonstrate that endo-b-1,4-D-xylanase effectively depolymerizes sago xylan into XOs, which has potential for industrial prebiotic production.