The 2nd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2025)
The 2nd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2025) is a ground-breaking event exploring emerging science, innovation and technology in fostering future advancement of tropical bioresources. The ISOTOBAT 2025 is organized by The Directorate of Strategic Studies and Academic Reputation, IPB University, in partnership with Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security (ITAFoS), Universiti Putra Malaysia. This premier event is dedicated to advancing knowledge and understanding of tropical bioresources across various sectors including agriculture, forestry, marine, and animal sciences. The seminar is designed as a multidisciplinary platform for experts, researchers, students, and enthusiasts to share insights and foster collaborations towards a sustainable and healthier future. This seminar focuses on promoting sustainable innovation for the management of tropical bioresources in the digital era, exploring new strategies and technologies to enhance resource efficiency, environmental conservation, and economic development. ISOTOBAT 2025 is the continuation of the 2024 conference, which highlighted "Harnessing Innovation and Technology in Fostering the Advancement of Tropical Bioresources" and led to the publication of 80 papers in BIO Web of Conferences (Scopus-indexed; https://www.bio-conferences.org/articles/bioconf/abs/2024/42/contents/contents.html), ISOTOBAT 2025 aims to attract more than 200 paper submissions, with international contributions projected to reach 30%. ISOTOBAT 2025 carries the theme "Sustainable Innovation for Tropical Bioresources Management in the Digital Era". The seminars will encompass four critical sub-themes, each addressing different facets of tropical bioresources: Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Agroforestry, and Agromaritime Innovation. Socio-economics and Business Transformation in Tropical Bioresources. Innovative Technologies in Bioresource Science and Engineering. Bioresources in Food and Nutrition for a Healthier Future.
From Taxonomy to Biotechnology: A Bibliometric Review of Global Amorphophallus Research in the Context of Tropical Bioresources (1912–2025)
The genus Amorphophallus, belonging to the family Araceae, constitutes an important element of tropical bioresources. Widely distributed across tropical and subtropical regions—particularly within the Paleotropical zone extending from West Africa to Melanesia—this genus exhibits its highest taxonomic diversity in Southeast Asia. Over the past century, and especially within the last decade, Amorphophallus has attracted growing scholarly attention due to its considerable ecological, economic, and biotechnological potential. This study aims to assess global research productivity on Amorphophallus using a bibliometric approach, drawing on data retrieved from the Scopus database covering the period from 1912 to 2024. Bibliometric mapping and analysis were conducted using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny to explore research trends, author and institutional collaborations, geographical distributions, and the thematic evolution of the literature. The results reveal that Amorphophallus is not only significant in terms of taxonomy and ecology but also holds substantial promise across multiple applied domains. These include sustainable agriculture, food security (with its tubers serving as alternative carbohydrate sources), pharmaceuticals (notably due to bioactive compounds such as glucomannan), biotechnology, cosmetics, and bio-based industries. Furthermore, the genus plays a growing role in biodiversity conservation and in supporting local, resource-based economic development, particularly in the context of climate change and tropical land degradation. By providing a comprehensive visualization of the global research landscape on Amorphophallus, this study reconstructs its historical development and identifies emerging trends, while offering strategic insights to guide future research directions and the sustainable utilization of this genus as a valuable tropical bioresource through 2025 and beyond.
Agriculture, Animal Sciences, Agroforestry, and Agromaritime Innovation
Copyright (c) 2025 The 2nd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2025)
The Expression of Plasma Protein in Pesisir Bulls Using 1D-SDS-PAGE
Pesisir cattle, Indonesia's local cattle germplasm from West Sumatra, has the advantages of adaptation to tropical environments, disease resistance, and efficiency in consuming low-quality feed without reducing performance. Pesisir cattle are expected to become national superior breeds in livestock development by increasing productivity and reproduction and improving livestock's genetic quality. This study aims to identify semen quality characteristics and sperm protein profiles of Pesisir bulls using the 1D-SDS PAGE method. Semen was collected from six pesisir bulls aged between less than 2 years to 4 years as samples. Sperm kinematics were evaluated using Computer-Assisted Sperm Analysis (CASA). Analysis of protein characteristics based on molecular weight was performed using 1D SDS-PAGE method with SurePAGE™ 4-20% graded gel (M00656; GenScript) and Broad Multi-Color Pre-Stained protein standard (M00624; GenScript). The study showed that fresh semen from Pesisir bulls aged less than 2 to 4 years was classified as normal. Proteins in the semen plasma of Pesisir bulls were divided into nine bands based on molecular weight, namely 10, 15-19, 20, 25, 26-37, 38-50, 51-74, 75, and 110 kDa, and were found in all age groups. Proteins with a molecular weight of 15-30 kDa are known as Binder Sperm Proteins (BSPs) and AKAP3 proteins. Both are located in the tail of the sperm and function in the regulation of sperm motility. Protein analysis based on molecular weight using the 1D-SDS-PAGE method can be used as a biomarker for semen quality assessment in pesisir bulls. Therefore, this molecular approach can be an alternative indicator in selecting superior bulls.
Pesisir bulls, Motility, biomarker, 1D SDS-Page,
Estimating ram sperm concentration using an ESP32-based absorbance device: Design, calibration, and field application
Accurate and rapid evaluation of sperm concentration is critical for assessing ram fertility, particularly under field conditions where laboratory facilities are limited. This study aimed to develop and validate a compact, portable, and cost-effective device for estimating ram spermatozoa concentration using light absorbance based on the ESP32 microcontroller. The device employs a WS2812 LED as the light source and a BH1750 sensor to measure light transmittance through semen samples placed in an Eppendorf tube. Semen was collected using the artificial vagina method and analyzed manually using a Neubauer counting chamber and prototype device. Fifteen samples were used for calibration, resulting in a strong negative correlation between sperm concentration and light absorbance (R² = 0.9461). Field testing with 10 Garut rams demonstrated no statistically significant difference (p = 0.5816) between the ESP32-based device and standard counting method, confirming its accuracy. This device significantly reduces the time required for sperm analysis and is well-suited for field applications. Its small size (<1 kg), battery operation, and low production cost (<USD 100) make it a practical tool for rapid on-site semen quality assessment. The implementation of this technology has the potential to reduce human error and mitigate sperm quality degradation due to delayed analysis.
Innovative Technologies in Bioresource Science and Engineering
Value at Risk and Dynamic Hedge Allocation Strategy to Optimize Business Investment Fund Resources, Drive Growth, and Strengthen Resilience
The urgency of management asset allocation with a focus on sustainable growth and resilience to various socio-economic conditions has become a primary objective across all business sectors, ranging from agriculture, forestry, fisheries, biodiversity, to the individual level. This research aims to identify a resilient investment model by illustrating financial risk management concepts. As is well known, financial risk management is essential for every business, particularly in efforts to improve financial health by promoting inclusive growth, environmental preservation, and community resilience. This study illustrates the concepts of optimal asset allocation, Value at Risk (VaR), and hedging strategies as the foundation for building sustainable investment growth, increasing the value of social business ownership, and achieving the best performance long-term financial investment. The data used in this study consist of investment assets in the form of gold, 20 highly liquid equity securities, and Bitcoin as a cryptocurrency. The observation period covers investment performance from 2018 to 2024. The research focuses on sustainable investment value growth, with an emphasis on the financial crisis caused by the Covid-19 disaster in 2020, which serves as the basis for assessing Value at Risk and hedging strategies. Through the simulation of N-asset diversification, the ideal amount for optimizing the asset allocation model can be obtained. Subsequently, Value at Risk is used to monitor potential losses, and a dynamic hedging strategy through the implementation of synthetic options is applied to reduce the impact of systemic risk by lowering standard deviation volatility. The analysis during the Covid-19 crisis shows that one of the benchmarks, the Indonesia Composite Index (IHSG), reached its lowest closing price of 3,938 on March 24, 2020. Based on Value at Risk (VaR) measurement, the IHSG closing price of 3,938 corresponds to a confidence level of 0.0035%, while the maximum expected loss at a 1% confidence level is reflected at a price of 4,976. In the implementation of a dynamic hedging strategy using the classical portfolio insurance approach, losses from the lowest point of 3,938 could be limited to 4,747—a difference of 810 points. Systematic risk caused by volatility was also successfully reduced from 1.69% to 0.93%. The implications of this study include that Value at Risk can be used as a tool to recommend buy or sell positions based on asset performance. In addition, the implementation of synthetic options in portfolio insurance strategies has proven effective in reducing the level of fluctuation risk, particularly during times of crisis or financial disasters.
Socio-economics and Business Transformation in Tropical Bioresources
Effect of Variation in Okara Flour and Soybean Flour Composition on the Characteristics of Snack Bars
This study aimed to analyze the effect of varying compositions of okara flour (tofu residue) and soybean flour on the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of snack bars. The utilization of okara as a substitute material was driven by its potential to reduce waste from tofu processing industries while enhancing the product's nutritional value through its fiber and protein content. The combination with soybean flour was expected to balance the nutritional profile and improve the product's functional properties. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with five treatment levels and three replications. The treatment levels comprised the following ratios of okara flour to soybean flour: 15%:85%, 25%:75%, 35%:65%, 45%:55%, and 55%:45%. The analyzed parameters included chemical analysis (moisture, fat, protein, and fiber content), physical analysis (color), and organoleptic tests (hedonic quality and multiple comparison tests). The results showed that the ratio of okara flour to soybean flour had a highly significant effect on moisture content and overall preference, a significant effect on color, aroma, and specific preference attributes, but no significant effect on organoleptic color, aftertaste, adhesiveness, chewiness, or overall multiple comparison scores. The 15%:85% ratio produced snack bars with the best characteristics
Bioresources in Food and Nutrition for a Healthier Future
Identifying Factors Influencing Community Capacity and Sustainable Development among Young Agrosociopreneurs: An Empirical Study
This study aims to analyze factors influencing capacity and sustainability in young agrosociopreneur communities (ASP Muda) in Indonesia. Young agrosociopreneurs play a crucial role in agricultural innovation and social entrepreneurship but face numerous barriers in sustaining their enterprises. A holistic approach was employed to examine individual characteristics, external support, and the intensity of information technology (IT) utilization. Data were collected through a survey of 227 young farmers in West Java, Indonesia, and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS software. Results indicate that the capacity of young agrosociopreneur communities—encompassing managerial, marketing, technical, social, and innovation capabilities—is significantly influenced by individual characteristics, external support, and IT utilization. Furthermore, enhanced capacity positively impacts the sustainability of their agribusinesses. This study provides novel insights by presenting a comprehensive framework to improve capacity and sustainability in young agrosociopreneur communities, highlighting the importance of integrated support through education, technology, and robust business networks. These findings offer strategic implications for policymakers and practitioners aiming to foster sustainable agricultural entrepreneurship among youth in tropical regions.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY POTENTIAL FROM 7 TYPES OF COASTAL PLASTIC WASTE IN SELAYAR ISLAND
Electrical energy reserves for SULBAGSEL in March 2024 are only 167.01 MW. This indicates that South Sulawesi Province is on the verge of an energy crisis. There are 3 (three) regencies in South Sulawesi Province that still have the lowest Electrification Ratio (RE) figures, They are Jeneponto, Pangkep, and Selayar Islands Regencies. Selayar Islands Regency has an RE of 57%. The population of Selayar Islands Regency in 2022-2023 will reach 140,312 people. With this population, the waste generation of Selayar Islands Regency is 25,774 tons/year originating from households, while the generation of coastal plastic waste along the coastline of Selayar Islands Regency is 670 km long, 2,179 tons/day, so researchers were inspired to analyze the potential for electrical energy that can be produced from coastal plastic waste in the Selayar Islands Regency in terms of the calorific value content. The method used is proximate analysis by calculating water, ash, volatile solid, Fixed Carbon, and Sulfur content. After that, an analysis was carried out to calculate the potential electrical energy that could be produced from plastic waste/waste using traditional and bento method calculations. Based on the calculation results of the potential electrical energy that can be produced from 2,179 tonnes/day of coastal plastic waste based on the type of coastal plastic waste/waste, the maximum potential electrical energy that can be produced from PS type plastic waste is 733,297 kWh/year or 2,009 kWh/day. The smallest electrical energy potential is produced from LDPE plastic waste, amounting to 514,140 kWh/year or 1,408 kWh/day. This shows that the greater the Net Calorific Value of plastic waste, the greater the potential for electrical energy
Coastal Plastic Waste, Electrical Energy, Calorific Value
Characteristic Evaluation of Fermented Milk Enriched with Black Rice Using Lactocobacillus lactis
This study explores the development of a fermented milk beverage enriched with black rice extract using Lactococcus lactis as the starter culture. Five formulations were prepared by varying the ratio of black rice powder and full cream milk powder (F0 to F4, from 0% to 12% black rice). The samples were evaluated for their physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory properties. Results showed that L. lactis was able to effectively ferment all formulations, with viable cell counts exceeding the minimum requirement of 6 log CFU/mL as specified by SNI 7552:2018. The highest titratable acidity (4.62%) and favorable pH values (ranging from 4.61 to 4.22) were observed in milk-dominant formulations. However, increasing the proportion of black rice extract resulted in reduced water holding capacity and overall acceptability due to diminished texture and flavor. Sensory analysis revealed that the control formulation (F0, 12% milk without black rice) received the highest scores for color, aroma, taste, texture, and overall preference. These findings indicate that while L. lactis can successfully ferment black rice–milk mixtures, formulation optimization and incorporation of food additives are necessary to enhance product quality, particularly in formulations with higher black rice content.
Copyright (c) 2024 The 2nd International Seminar on Tropical Bioresources Advancement and Technology (ISOTOBAT 2025)
Effectiveness Of Various Doses Of Silica Nanoparticles From Dayang Rindu Rice Husk On Phosphorus Availability In Ultisol Soil
Silica nanoparticles are one of the research that continues to grow and become a concern in various fields ranging from health, animal husbandry, industry and agriculture. This study tested various doses of silica nanoparticles from dayang rindu rice husk to increase P availability in Ultisol soil. The research was arranged in nonfactorial complete randomized design (CRD) then the soil was incubated for 30 days by paying attention to soil moisture and then the soil was analyzed in the UNIB laboratory in a composite manner. The doses used in the control study without naoparitkle silica treatment, 10 ppm, 20 ppm, 30 ppm, 40 ppm, 50 ppm, 60 ppm, 70 ppm and 80 ppm. The results showed that the dose of 10 ppm showed the optimum dose. The results of this study indicate that silica nanoparticles from dayang rindu rice husk have the potential as a solution to overcome inhibiting factors in the utilization of ultisol soil.
nanoparticles, dayang rindu, ultisol soil
Tracking and Tracing the Carbon Emissions of Carbon Pool in the Agriculture Sector
Agriculture is not only a carbon offset but also a primary contributor, which must be acknowledged. The tracing of carbon emissions related to deforestation is still under debate. The debate has not clarified how much carbon is emitted from the sector. It is essential to track the carbon emissions resulting from the conversion of wood from the forest into furniture products. The furniture products also store the carbon emissions released when they are used. These emissions should not be considered as the result of using the furniture itself. In fact, the use of one tree does not release all of the emissions from the tree's parts. Some of the tree's parts are converted into furniture as temporary carbon sequestration. We must address the challenges of tracking all sold furniture and determining the most effective system and policy to encourage customers to participate in a sustainable tracing cycle. This research is supported by a comparative analysis of data from four countries: Hungary, Poland, Indonesia, and Pakistan regarding their policy to address carbon emissions, especially innovation in managing and tracing the carbon stock/pool. The research will definitively identify the most effective policy recommendations to address carbon pollution in the agricultural sector. The local government regulates the reward system of carbon reporting from the customer to the company, in the form of a carbon tax reduction. Innovative schemes for a carbon emissions records system are key to stimulating customer involvement and raising participation in recording every report in a government-managed database.
POTENTIAL OF CATFISH WASTE MEAL AS ALTERNATIVE FEED, A HIGH PROTEIN SOURCE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF CIAYUMAJAKUNING MUSCOVY DUCK
The aim of this research is to obtain Ciayumajakuning Muscovy duck from catfish waste as an alternative feed that has high protein quality. The principle of this research is to compare three types of treatments with the addition of guava indigenous microorganisms (IMO) added to the muscovy duck feed. The parameters tested were the values feed content of each treatment. The experiment was designed with a complete Randomized Design of six treatments and four replications. P0 = Catfish Waste Meal + 2% EM4; P1 = Catfish Waste Meal + 1.5% EM4+0.5% Guava IMO; P2 = Catfish Waste Meal + 1% EM4 + 1% Guava IMO; P3 = Catfish Waste Meal + 0.5% EM4+1.5% Guava IMO; P4 = Catfish Waste Meal + 2% Guava IMO. The results of the study showed that each behavior has advantages in terms of feed content. The result of variance analysis showed that the muscovy duck feed in complete ration gave effect (P<0.05) to feed content value. The results of the study showed that the treatment of adding 1% EM4 with 1 % Guava IMO had the highest crude protein content of 55.55±0.895% and ME 4,582.5±35 kcal.
Macrozoobenthos of Bojong Salawe Estuary: Unveiling Genus Composition and Its Relationship with Aquatic Ecosystems
Macrozoobenthos play a crucial role in aquatic nutrient cycles and serve as indicators of ecosystem health. This study aims to reveal the community structure of macrozoobenthos in the Estuarine Waters of Bojong Salawe and then examine its relationship with environmental conditions. For the first time, this research is conducted in Bojong Salawe Estuary, Pangandaran, to gain a deeper understanding. The research was carried out in October-November 2024, with four research stations established. Station I is located in the local fishing boat shipping lane with a sandy coral fragment substrate. Station II is in a dense mangrove area with a muddy substrate. Station III is situated in the local fishing boat docking area with a sandy substrate. Station IV is near restaurants/settlements with a sandy-muddy substrate. Macrozoobenthos samples were collected using a 1 x 1 meter plot method with three repetitions. Environmental parameters measured include temperature, salinity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), and environmental conditions. The analysis conducted includes ecological indices (abundance, diversity, dominance, and evenness) and statistical analysis (cluster analysis and Principal Component Analysis/PCA). The results show that environmental parameters across the four stations include water temperature ranging from 28.8°C to 29.7°C, salinity ranging from 19 to 21 ppt, pH ranging from 7.2 to 7.9, and Dissolved Oxygen (DO) ranging from 5.8 to 7.4 mg L-1. The ecological indices, including total density and dominance values of macrozoobenthos, were highest at Station II (200 individuals/m²; 0.33). Conversely, the lowest diversity and evenness indices were recorded at Station II (1.46; 0.54). Four macrozoobenthos genera with the highest density were identified: Cerithium, Pagurus, Faunus, and Cerithideopsilla. PCA results indicate that salinity and DO are the most influential factors affecting the macrozoobenthos community structure at the study site.
Ethnobotanical Study of Temurui (Bergera koenigii) in Peusangan District, Bireuen Regency, Aceh.
Bergera koenigii is a plant that originated in India. Bergera koenigii is traditionally used by Peusangan people of Bireuen district as a culinary ingredient, food flavoring, traditional medicine, and as air freshener. Peusangan people know Bergera koenigii by the name temurui.This study aims to determine the utilization of Bergera koenigii plants in daily life in the Peusangan community. This research was conducted in the sub-district of Peusangan, Bireuen regency, Aceh province. The method used in this research is exploration and observation using the Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) technique, which is an assessment that is oriented towards the process of involvement and participation of the community in the research. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling, which consisting of 54 people. The results showed that the local community use temerui for culinary ingredients (50,00%), food flavoring (40.74%), as traditional medicine (5.55%) and air freshener (3.70%). The most widely used plant part used is the leaf. Key word: Etnobotanical, Bergera koenigii
PHYSICAL, MECHANICAL, AND COLOR QUALITY OF SMART EDIBLE FILM FROM RABBIT SKIN AND PURPLE SWEET POTATO FLOUR (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Smart edible film can also be called smart packaging which is a combination of intelligent packaging that can monitor changes in product conditions and storage environments and can react and provide signals due to these changes (active packaging). Smart edible film is developed by adding purple sweet potato flour as a source of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins are bioactive compounds that function as natural pigments and antioxidants, and are also able to detect changes in food quality through color variations. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with purple sweet potato flour concentration treatments of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5%, which were repeated 4 times. The results showed that increasing the concentration of purple sweet potato flour had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the physical properties of edible films, including increasing thickness, decreasing solubility, and decreasing water content, tensile strength, elongation, Young's modulus, light transmission, and film transparency. . Based on further testing, Duncan's purple sweet potato flour concentration of 5% gave the best results in producing edible films.
Analysis of Regional Development in the IPB University Campus Ring Road Area (2010-2020)
The high rate of land conversion in the Dramaga area reflects the influence of the presence of IPB University on the growth dynamics of the local area. This significant spatial transformation is important to be studied in consideration of future regional planning. The aim of this study is to analyze the development of the IPB University campus ring road area in order that it can be a reference in the formulation of regional policies. The research methodology encompasses a temporal analysis of land cover change using the land cover map overlay technique, analysis of the level of regional development using the Scalogram method analysis, and classification of regional typology using non-hierarchical cluster analysis. The results showed that there was a conversion from agricultural land to non-agricultural land centered around the IPB University campus area, as well as an increase in the Village Development Index (VDI) in the 2010-2020 period. From the clustering results, the campus ring area can be divided into three types of functional areas, namely nodal areas, internal areas, and external areas. Based on the results of the research, it can be concluded that there has been intensive regional development around the IPB University campus so that it is important to have spatial management that is adaptive to these dynamics.
Milk metabolites in relation with metabolomics: Perspective from scientometric analysis for trends and future
The composition and characteristics of milk change over the course of lactation. Metabolomics assesses milk quality, cow health, feeding systems, and potential adulteration. This review aimed to map the metabolic profile of fresh cow's milk. The data were collected from Scopus (2005-2025) using keywords: milk metabolomic, lactation stage, cow feed, location, cattle, bovine, cow’s milk, and goat’s milk. A total of 947 documents were obtained using R-Studio (Biblioshiny) and VOSviewer. Documents dominated by the articles (87.01%), followed by reviews (9.4%), book chapters, conference papers, and books. The highest number of publications (191) occurred in 2024. The top five Journals were Journal of Dairy Science, Animals, Food Chemistry, Food Research International, and Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. The most productive countries were China, The USA, Italy, and Spain. Highly cited global and local documents were authored by Shabat et al. (2016) and Scano et al. (2014), respectively. Most of the analysis used NMR, GC-MS, and LC-MS. Milk metabolites are influenced by cow’s metabolism pathway in each lactation stage, feeds, and genetics. Choline, glycerophosphocoline, and glutamic acid were found as biomarkers for milk coagulation. Further research is needed to explore the milk nutrition, processing, quality, and safety of the milk products.
Chemometric Analysis of FTIR Spectra to Classify Red Spinach Cultivation Systems
Environmental stress from different cultivation systems, such as hydroponic and conventional methods, can significantly influence the metabolic composition of plants, affecting both functional compounds and overall plant quality. Rapid characterization of these differences is essential for monitoring crop responses and improving agricultural strategies. This study aims to classify red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) parts—leaves, stems, and roots—cultivated under hydroponic and conventional systems using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometric analysis. A total of 30 samples (hydroponic: HL, HS, HR; conventional: CL, CS, CR) were analyzed by using FTIR spectroscopy. Data were processed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Heatmap clustering, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Orthogonal Projections to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA). PCA captured 88.9% of total variance in the first two components, clearly separating sample groups. CL formed a distinct cluster, while HS also showed unique spectral characteristics. Overlaps among HR, HL, and CS indicated shared chemical profiles. Heatmap analysis supported this separation based on intensities at key functional group regions, including O–H, C–H, and C=O stretches. PLS-DA demonstrated strong predictive performance (R²Y = 0.998, Q² = 0.995), while OPLS-DA provided a more moderate yet robust classification (R²Y = 0.465, Q² = 0.446). In conclusion, FTIR spectroscopy combined with multivariate analysis is an effective tool to distinguish red spinach samples by cultivation method and plant part. This approach offers a rapid, non-destructive means for assessing plant responses to environmental conditions.
Seed Health and Germination of Nyamplung and Kenari on Various Media
Nyamplung (Calophyllum inophyllum L.) and kenari (Canarium indicum L.) have many benefits and potentials (historical, economic, energy, ecological, social) so it is necessary to propagate plants to increase their productivity. This study aims to determine the physical condition of seeds, seed health (pests and diseases carried by seeds), and optimal germination media of nyamplung and kenari seeds with soil (control) media treatment, zeolite, cocopeat, soil and sand mixture (1:1 v/v). The good physical conditions of nyamplung seeds are thick and hard round shape, ivory yellow color, when pressed it is not soft, the average weight is 3 g, the average height is 2.6 cm, and the average diameter is 1.7 cm. The good physical conditions of kenari seeds are a tapered oval shape with a very hard shell, light brown in color, an average weight of 6.9 g, an average height and diameter of 3.7 cm and 1.9 cm, respectively. The fungi carried by nyamplung seeds are Rhizoctonia sp. and Pythium sp., while in kenari seeds is Collectotrichum sp.. The best germination medium for nyamplung seeds is zeolite, while the best germination medium for kenari seeds is a mixture of soil and sand (1:1 v/v). The results of this study provide information on the physical condition, seed health (pests and diseases) carried by seeds so that preventive and curative efforts can be made in their cultivation, as well as the optimal media for germination so as to produce superior quality seedlings.
Real-Time IoT Monitoring System for Green Roof Microclimate in Tropical Region
Green roofs are increasingly adopted in tropical urban areas for their environmental benefits, but real-time monitoring of their performance remains complicated and costly. This study introduces a low-cost, IoT-based monitoring system designed to measure soil temperature, air temperature, and ratio humidity on a green roof. Using DS18B20 and DHT22 sensors integrated with an ESP32 microcontroller, the system transmits data to Google Sheets and the Blynk platform at 15-minute intervals. Sensor calibration showed strong accuracy, with R² values above 0.98. Over a 7-day trial, DS18B20 sensors maintained a 100% data success rate, while DHT22 sensors achieved 96.8% for temperature and 54.8% for humidity. The system showed minimal response delays—mostly under 3 seconds—caused primarily by internet stability rather than sensor count. The lowest recorded soil temperature was found in moss rose (Portulaca grandiflora) media, highlighting plant influence on microclimate. These findings demonstrate that affordable, IoT-enabled monitoring can support better management and evaluation of green roof systems in tropical climates.
Green roof, IoT, tropical climate, temperature, humidity
A Study of Fishing Activities and Their Impact on the Sustainability of Fish Resources in Batukaras Village, Pangandaran Regency
Batukaras Village, located on the southern coast of Pangandaran Regency, is a coastal area with active small scale fisheries utilizing fishing gear such as handlines, gillnets, and purse seines. Although these gears are considered more selective compared to destructive fishing methods, improper use such as inadequate mesh sizes or poor seasonal timing can still threaten fish populations and marine ecosystems. This study aims to assess the sustainability of fishing practices in Batukaras Village to determine the extent to which local fisheries support the conservation of fishery resources. The research employed field observations and interviews involving 50 fishing vessels, with one fisher from each vessel interviewed as a respondent. The level of environmental friendliness of fishing activities was evaluated using a scoring system based on nine criteria outlined in the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF), as ratified by the Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the Republic of Indonesia. The results showed that handlines scored the highest with an average of 30.54, categorized as highly environmentally friendly. In contrast, gillnets and purse seines scored 26.19 and 22.36, respectively, falling into the moderately environmentally friendly category. These findings indicate that not all fishing gears used have fully met sustainable fishery practices. Strengthening local policy and raising awareness among fishers are essential to promoting more sustainable gear choices for the conservation of coastal fish resources.
Sustainability Strategies of Young Agrosociopreneurs in Supporting National Food Security
The sustainability of youth-led agrosociopreneurship enterprises represents a strategic element in strengthening national food security and accelerating inclusive rural economic development. This study aims to assess the sustainability level of young agrosociopreneurs (ASP) and to formulate strategic priorities that contribute to economic, social, and environmental dimensions. A quantitative approach was employed through a survey of 226 young ASPs in Subang and Cianjur Regencies, West Java, Indonesia. Business sustainability was measured using indicators related to economic performance, social impact, and environmental stewardship. Data analysis was conducted using Importance Performance Map Analysis (IPMA), facilitated by SmartPLS software. The findings indicate that ASP capacity, role effectiveness, and social capital significantly influence business sustainability. However, certain variables with high importance demonstrated low performance, particularly in digital technology utilization. Based on these results, strategic interventions should focus on enhancing ASP capacity and effectiveness through socially embedded approaches and improved access to digital tools. This study provides empirical insights for policy formulation and youth entrepreneurship development programs in the agricultural sector. It also contributes to the scholarly discourse on community-based business sustainability models within the broader context of sustainable agricultural development and national food system resilience.
THE EFFECT OF GIVING HERBAL SOLUTION IN DRINKING WATER ON BODY WEIGHT GAIN, LIVE WEIGHT, FEED CONVERSION AND EVISCERATED CARCASS LOCAL CHICKENS
Indonesia has many types of herbs including ginger, turmeric and garlic. These herbs are commonly used as medicine because of their many health benefits. Herbal solutions containing water, ginger juice, turmeric juice and garlic juice in equal weight ratios. Ginger, turmeric and garlic contain bioactive substances that work in the livestock's body as antioxidants, antimicrobials and help on feed digestion in small intestine, so they can improve livestock performance. The research aims to determine the effect of giving herbal solutions in drinking water on body weight gain, live weight, feed conversion, eviscerated carcass of local chickens. 80 DOC local chickens were used in this study which were divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications. There are 4 treatments, namely P0= drinking water; P1= drinking water + 0,5% herbal solution; P2= drinking water +1% herbal solution dan P3= drinking water+ 1,5% herbal solution. Chickens were reared from 1 day to 70 days old. Data were analyzed with Anova and Duncan Test. The results showed that the addition 1% herbal solution on drinking water gave the best body weight gain, live weight, feed conversion, eviscerated carcass of local chickens
Stress Physiology of Sumatran Elephants in Relation to Altitude, Temperature, and Rainfall in Conservation Settings
Understanding the environmental factors influencing stress responses in endangered Sumatran elephants (Elephas maximus sumatranus) is crucial for effective conservation management. Given the increasing threats to these populations from habitat loss and human-wildlife conflict, elucidating the relationships between environmental variables and stress is urgently needed. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between cortisol levels and environmental factors (altitude, temperature, rainfall, and humidity) in Sumatran elephants. The study was conducted across three Conservation Response Units in Aceh: CRU A (44 m above sea level), CRU B (75 m above sea level), and CRU C (395 m above sea level). Cortisol levels were measured in ten Sumatran elephants using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results revealed significant negative correlations between cortisol levels and habitat altitude (r = -0.464, p = 0.007) and rainfall (r = -0.435, p = 0.013). Conversely, a significant positive correlation was found between cortisol levels and temperature (r = 0.520, p = 0.002). No significant correlation was found between cortisol levels and humidity (r = -0.112, p = 0.452). In conclusion, environmental factors significantly influence stress in Sumatran elephants, indicating the need for habitat management strategies that consider temperature, altitude, and rainfall.
The physical and chemical characteristics of soil in different cropping patterns on potato production in Merek District, Karo Regency
The availability of nutrients in the soil is crucial for the growth and yield of potato plants. However, Andisol soil, which dominates the Karo Regency, is characterized by low nutrient availability and high phosphate retention, resulting in nutrient stress for plants. This study was conducted in Karo Regency at various elevations and slope gradients based on Land Unit Map. Soil analysis was carried out at the PT Socfindo Soil Laboratory, and microbial analysis was conducted at the Soil Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, and Microbiology Laboratory, University of North Sumatra. Soil sampling used observational method on potato cultivation areas from February 2023 to February 2024. Observed cropping systems included: monoculture, monoculture with mulch, intercropping, and crop rotation. The research employed a descriptive-analytical method and data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by a DMRT test at a 5% significance level. The results showed that crop rotation systems significantly improved soil physical and chemical properties, microbial populations, and potato yields, especially in Land Unit Map 1. At elevations above 1300 meters with 84.03% soil moisture and 82.77% air humidity, the highest potato yield reached 24.67 tons/ha, with nitrogen-fixing microbe populations at 51.67 cells/gram.
Sustainability of Irrigated Agriculture Area in The Context of Climate Change: A Case Study in Rentang Irrigation Area – West Java Province - Indonesia
Rentang irrigation area is the second largest irrigated agriculture in West Java Province, with an annual paddy production of more than one (1) million tons. Administratively, Rentang irrigation area is located in three regencies (Majalengka-Cirebon-Indramayu). This irrigated farming area has been supported by adequate irrigation infrastructure, but there are many challenges in its sustainability, such as climate change, changes in land use including environmental degradation as a result of the growth of villages into urban areas. So that this will threaten the sustainability of the irrigated agricultural area, which can disrupt the achievement of food security and increased nutrition including the promotion of sustainable agriculture that mandated in SDG No. 2. Furthermore, by adopting the DPSIR framework approach, this study aims to analyse the sustainability of irrigated agriculture area in the context of climate change and the research method using the quantitative method and secondary data with the Smart-PLS-SEM Ver.04 as analysis tool. Different from previous studies, which focused more on technical and economic aspects, this study specifically examines the Rentang irrigation area from a holistic sustainability perspective (Socio-Economic-Environmental-Institutional) in the context of climate change. These sustainability elements are integrated into sustainability measurement indicators by DPSIR framework. This is the novelty and added value of this study.
Agriculture, Sustainability, Climate Change
The Trend of Sugar Reduction Interest Globally and Alternatives Solution for The Better Health: Systematic Review
The global interest in sugar reduction has surged over the past two decades, driven by increasing awareness of its detrimental effects on health. Excessive sugar intake has been linked to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) such as diabetes, cardiovascular disorders, and obesity, which collectively contribute to 73% of global mortality, according to the World Health Organization (WHO). Recognizing the urgency of intervention, researchers and policymakers have explored effective strategies to curb sugar consumption while maintaining food quality and consumer acceptance. This study aims to analyzed the long-term trends in sugar reduction interest and explore alternative solutions to enhance health outcomes. Using a systematic review approach, data were collected and synthesized from the Scopus database spanning 20 years, with search terms including “sugar reduction interest,” “health improvement,” “sugar alternatives,” “health promotion,” “sugar consumption behaviour,” and “sugar regulation,” to identify key drivers of sugar reduction efforts and evaluates potential substitutes that support healthier dietary habits. The results indicate a growing global shift towards sugar reduction in food systems, with natural sweeteners such as monk fruit and stevia emerging as viable alternatives. These sweeteners offer lower caloric intake and improved glycaemic responses, addressing both health concerns and consumer demands. Additionally regulatory frameworks, including Indonesia’s Ministry of Health Regulation No. 30 of 2013 and its 2015 amendment, were evaluated to assess their effectiveness in controlling sugar intake through policy interventions, nutritional labelling, taxation, and public awareness campaigns. The study concludes that advancing sugar reduction initiatives requires a multifaceted approach. Stricter nutritional labelling, consumer education, consumer behaviour, product reformulation, sugar alternatives, and collaboration with industry stakeholders are critical components. Strengthening regulatory policies and fostering sustainable food innovations can lead to significant long-term health improvements, mitigate the rising prevalence of sugar-related diseases worldwide, and contribute to achieving Sustainable Development Goals 3.
Vetiver Grass-Based Bioengineering for Slope Reinforcement and Carbon Sequestration: A Sustainable Innovation in Bioresource Science
Landslides and soil erosion on unstable slopes are worsened by land degradation and extreme climate events, threatening ecological and human systems in tropical regions. Conventional slope stabilization methods, which use concrete structures and heavy machinery, are costly and emit CO₂ through material production and fossil fuel use. In contrast, vetiver grass (Vetiveria zizanioides) provides an eco-friendly bioengineering alternative that protects slopes while sequestering atmospheric CO₂ via physiological activity and biomass development. This study evaluated the dual function of vetiver in enhancing slope stability and capturing carbon under tropical conditions and quantified the organic carbon stored in its aboveground biomass. Photosynthetic traits were measured using the LI-COR 6800 system, and organic carbon was analyzed using the Loss on Ignition (LOI) method. Root characteristics and slope coverage were recorded using field observations. Vetiver exhibited high net photosynthetic rates and efficient stomatal conductance, indicating strong CO₂ absorption. LOI analysis confirmed a significant organic carbon content in the shoot biomass. Its dense, fibrous roots improve soil cohesion and minimize runoff. Unlike conventional methods that emit CO₂, vetiver enhances carbon capture while reinforcing the slopes. In conclusion, vetiver-based bioengineering offers a cost-efficient and climate-positive approach to sustainable slope stabilization in tropical regions.
Potential of Microbes Isolated from Crude Oil-Contaminated Environments for Long-Chain Hydrocarbon Degradation in Oil Refineries
Microorganisms were isolated from crude oil-contaminated soil and screened based on their cell surface hydrophobicity (BATH), emulsification activity (E24), and Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) degradation capability through GC-MS analysis. The selected superior strains were formulated into a microbial consortium and tested for their effectiveness at the laboratory scale using a Soil Bioremediation Tank (SBT). Environmental parameters and hydrocarbon degradation rates were monitored and analyzed using first-order kinetic and Monod models. A total of 25 isolates were obtained, five of which exhibited high emulsification activity (E24 > 70%) and a hydrophobicity index greater than 40%. The formulated consortium demonstrated a TPH degradation efficiency of up to 78% within 30 days. GC-MS analysis revealed a significant reduction in long-chain aliphatic and aromatic compounds. The explored microbial consortium proved effective in degrading long-chain hydrocarbons in petroleum waste, indicating strong potential as a bioremediation agent. These findings support the development of microorganism-based bioremediation technologies for the sustainable management of petroleum waste.
New Distribution Record of Myomenippe hardwickii (Gray, 1831) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura) in Java, Indonesia
Indonesia is an archipelagic country with a very long coastline. The coastal area is home to many intertidal biota that have the ability to adapt to very rapid habitat changes. Cases of cryptic species are very common in crustaceans compared to other metazoan groups. This paper reports the congruence of recognizing members of the stone crab complex species of the genus Myomenippe (Decapoda; Brachyura) based on morphological characteristics and the CO1 gene of the mitochondrial genome. The stone crabs were collected from Ujung Kulon Bay and Indramayu Beach. Morphological descriptions were made based on photos which were then used as line drawings. The DNA material used was obtained from leg muscle biopsies. The results of morphological identification and the CO1 gene of the stone crab from Indramayu were confirmed as Myomenippe hardwickii. Meanwhile, two species were found from Ujung Kulon Bay, namely Myomenippe hardwickii and Menippe rumphii.
Synthesis of Fabriesite from Natural Minerals of Gowa Regency as a Catalyst Using the Hydrothermal Method
Fabriesite synthesis from natural minerals sourced from Gowa Regency has been successfully carried out using the hydrothermal method. This study aims to optimize the utilization of local mineral resources as raw materials for synthetic zeolite production. The synthesis process involved mixing activated natural minerals with NaOH solution, followed by hydrothermal treatment at 170°C for 72 hours. The resulting samples were characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). FTIR analysis revealed characteristic absorption bands of fabriesite, including those -OH stretching, H–O–H bending, asymmetric Si–O–Si and Si–O–Al stretching, symmetric Si–O–Si and Si–O–Al stretching, and Si–O and Al–O bending. Meanwhile, the XRD analysis confirmed the formation of fabriesite through the appearance of diffraction peaks at 2θ = 20,17°, 26,13°, 30,16°, and 34,39°, which match the standard fabriesite pattern (JCPDS). These results indicate that natural minerals from Gowa Regency have strong potential as a source of silica and alumina for the synthesis of fabriesite-type zeolite, which can be applied in various industrial fields, including catalysis.