Adaptation of Farmers to Smart Farming Technology: The Role of Communication Media and Local Knowledge in Overcoming Technical Challenges

Abstract

Smart farming technology is expected to significantly enhance agricultural efficiency and productivity; however, its implementation is frequently impeded by technical challenges. This study investigates the technical challenges encountered by farmers in West Java in adopting smart farming practices, as well as the roles of communication media and prior experience in developing adaptive solutions. Utilizing a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews and observations, the study focuses on farmers implementing smart farming technologies, such as sensors, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, and digital applications for horticultural crops. The findings indicate that farmers face obstacles including uneven nutrient distribution on sloped land, incomplete sensor data, doubts about the efficacy of automated tools, and limited technical support from technology providers. In addressing these challenges, farmers leverage digital communication media to exchange experiences, obtain technical advice, and draw on local knowledge to create context-appropriate solutions. Communication media and prior experience are critical for building collective knowledge and facilitating autonomous technological adaptation. The study concludes that digital media and local knowledge significantly support smart farming adaptation, improve cost-efficiency, and deepen farmers' comprehension of modern technology, rendering smart farming more adaptable and acceptable in the local agricultural context of West Java.