Optimization of Mannan Polysaccharide Extraction from Palm Kernel Meal Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction (UAE) Method

Abstract

Research on the extraction of mannan polysaccharides from palm kernel meal (PKM) is still very limited. This study aims to evaluate the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method with optimized extraction times for extracting mannan polysaccharides from PKM. A completely randomized design (CRD) was used, consisting of four treatments with five replications. The treatments were: T0 = PKM (Control); T1 = PKM + UAE for 30 minutes; T2 = PKM + UAE for 60 minutes; and T3 = PKM + UAE for 90 minutes, each with single and multiple extractions. Yield data were analyzed descriptively, while fiber components and total sugars were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that T2 yielded higher (E1 4.65% and E2 9.30%) than T1 and T3. E2 had a higher yield than E1. The total sugar content with UAE (3.96%-10.76%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than T0; however, there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 (P>0.05) in either E1 or E2. In conclusion, UAE extraction for 60 minutes (T2) is the most optimal and efficient in terms of time, resulting in the highest yield and total sugar content.