Review of Wild Betta Fish (Teleostei: Osphronemidae: Genus Betta) from Kalimantan, Indonesia: Species Diversity, Conservation Status, and Cultivation Efforts

Abstract

The Betta genus, commonly known as betta fish, includes species valued as ornamental fish and fighting fish. Wild ornamental bettas from Kalimantan are particularly known for their exotic and unique characteristics, including vibrant colors, patterns, and behaviors. Of the 27 species from Kalimantan, six are currently classified as endangered, and three as critically endangered. Most ornamental bettas traded from Kalimantan are still sourced from the wild. Comprehensive information on the species diversity, conservation status, and cultivation efforts of Kalimantan's ornamental betta fish is essential. This review using study literature methods and analyze the data comprehensively. This review serves as a valuable reference for stakeholders in conservation and policy-making, supporting the preservation of Kalimantan's unique betta species and preventing their extinction.