Synthesis and characterization of heterogeneous catalysts from palm fruit shells (Arenga pinata Merr.) composited with magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4 (activated carbon/Fe3O4)

Will be presented at Thursday, 22 May 2025, 11:55 (GMT +7)

Abstract

The development of heterogeneous catalysts using renewable biomass has emerged as a sustainable approach to support green chemistry. This study focuses on the synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanocomposite catalysts derived from palm fruit shell (Arenga pinnata Merr.) by impregnating Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles into activated carbon. The activated carbon was prepared through chemical activation using phosphoric acid, followed by the synthesis of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles via the co-precipitation method. The resulting activated carbon/Fe₃O₄ composite was characterized using FTIR, XRD, SEM-EDX, and VSM to evaluate its functional groups, crystal structure, morphology, and magnetic properties. Boehm titration was also performed to quantify surface acidic and basic functional groups. Moisture and ash content analyses revealed a decrease in moisture and an increase in ash content after Fe₃O₄ incorporation, indicating improved thermal stability and successful nanoparticle integration. Surface functionality was evaluated using Boehm titration, revealing the presence of carboxylic, lactonic, phenolic, and basic groups that are essential for catalytic activity. FTIR analysis confirmed the presence of surface functional groups that may enhance catalytic interactions. XRD patterns indicated the crystalline nature of Fe₃O₄ within the carbon matrix, VSM analysis demonstrated strong magnetic responsiveness, ensuring efficient magnetic separation. The magnetic properties of the composite material enable easy recovery of the catalyst via external magnetic fields, making it a promising candidate for use in recyclable catalytic systems. These findings demonstrate the potential of palm-based magnetic activated carbon as an efficient and environmentally friendly heterogeneous catalyst that presents a green and cost-effective solution for applications, especially in biomass conversion and biodiesel production.