Reclamation of Former Coal Mines Through Planting Agarwood Trees: Systematic Literature Review

Abstract

This systematic literature review explores the potential of planting agarwood trees (Aquilaria spp.) as a sustainable strategy for reclaiming former coal mine land. Land degradation resulting from coal mining poses significant environmental challenges, including soil erosion, loss of biodiversity, and contamination of air sources. Effective reclamation practices are important to reduce these impacts and restore ecological balance. Recent studies have highlighted the role of tree planting in improving soil quality, enriching biodiversity, and providing economic benefits through producing valuable resources. In particular, planting agarwood trees, known to have high economic value due to the production of agarwood sapwood, represents an innovative approach to preserving ecological restoration with economic development. This review synthesizes findings from various sources, including research on coal mine reclamation practices, the ecological benefits of tree planting, and the specific benefits of agarwood trees. The aim is to provide a comprehensive picture of the potential environmental benefits of integrating agarwood tree planting in coal mine reclamation efforts. This review also identifies gaps in the current literature and suggests directions for future research, with the ultimate goal of supporting sustainable land management and economic revitalization of post-mining landscapes.