Potential Candidate Genes Related to Heat Tolerance and Growth Performance Traits of Thai Swamp Buffaloes in Tropical Climates : A Review

Abstract

Environmental and climate factors significantly determine the activity and productivity of livestock. Animals' responses to such conditions, such as heat tolerance, are also affected by these factors, which in turn influence their growth performance. To identify pleiotropic genes that affect both heat tolerance and meat production traits in Thai swamp buffaloes, this review examines genomic variants associated with either heat tolerance or meat production, as determined by GWAS studies in cattle.  The review reveals several genes associated with heat tolerance, including HSP70, HSP90, HSPs, GRP78, HSF1, SCD5, BLAD, LIF, OSM, TXNRD2, DGCR8, TLR4, GRM8, SMAD3, FBXO44, and RAB39B. Meanwhile, several genes associated with growth performance include LCORL, LOC782905, NCAPG, HERC6, FAM184B, SLIT2, MMRN1, KCNIP4, PLAG1, GH, IGF1, and GHR.  The review also using pathway analysis to finds potential pleiotropic genes, which are genes that influence more than one trait and contribute to genetic correlations among traits. Some of these genes include GH, IGF1, and GHR. This phenomenon in genetics, where a single gene influences or controls multiple different traits, is an impact of genotype-environment interactions.  The results suggest that the effects of pleiotropic genes in livestock, particularly in tropical environments, are significant, especially in relation to heat tolerance and meat or milk production.Environmental and climate factors significantly determine the activity and productivity of livestock. Animals' responses to such conditions, such as heat tolerance, are also affected by these factors, which in turn influence their growth performance. To identify pleiotropic genes that affect both heat tolerance and meat production traits in Thai swamp buffaloes, this review examines genomic variants associated with either heat tolerance or meat production, as determined by GWAS studies in cattle.  The review reveals several genes associated with heat tolerance, including HSP70, HSP90, HSPs, GRP78, HSF1, SCD5, BLAD, LIF, OSM, TXNRD2, DGCR8, TLR4, GRM8, SMAD3, FBXO44, and RAB39B. Meanwhile, several genes associated with growth performance include LCORL, LOC782905, NCAPG, HERC6, FAM184B, SLIT2, MMRN1, KCNIP4, PLAG1, GH, IGF1, and GHR.  The review also using pathway analysis to finds potential pleiotropic genes, which are genes that influence more than one trait and contribute to genetic correlations among traits. Some of these genes include GH, IGF1, and GHR. This phenomenon in genetics, where a single gene influences or controls multiple different traits, is an impact of genotype-environment interactions.  The results suggest that the effects of pleiotropic genes in livestock, particularly in tropical environments, are significant, especially in relation to heat tolerance and meat or milk production.Environmental and climate factors significantly determine the activity and productivity of livestock. Animals' responses to such conditions, such as heat tolerance, are also affected by these factors, which in turn influence their growth performance. To identify pleiotropic genes that affect both heat tolerance and meat production traits in Thai swamp buffaloes, this review examines genomic variants associated with either heat tolerance or meat production, as determined by GWAS studies in cattle.  The review reveals several genes associated with heat tolerance, including HSP70, HSP90, HSPs, GRP78, HSF1, SCD5, BLAD, LIF, OSM, TXNRD2, DGCR8, TLR4, GRM8, SMAD3, FBXO44, and RAB39B. Meanwhile, several genes associated with growth performance include LCORL, LOC782905, NCAPG, HERC6, FAM184B, SLIT2, MMRN1, KCNIP4, PLAG1, GH, IGF1, and GHR.  The review also using pathway analysis to finds potential pleiotropic genes, which are genes that influence more than one trait and contribute to genetic correlations among traits. Some of these genes include GH, IGF1, and GHR. This phenomenon in genetics, where a single gene influences or controls multiple different traits, is an impact of genotype-environment interactions.  The results suggest that the effects of pleiotropic genes in livestock, particularly in tropical environments, are significant, especially in relation to heat tolerance and meat or milk production.Environmental and climate factors significantly determine the activity and productivity of livestock. Animals' responses to such conditions, such as heat tolerance, are also affected by these factors, which in turn influence their growth performance. To identify pleiotropic genes that affect both heat tolerance and meat production traits in Thai swamp buffaloes, this review examines genomic variants associated with either heat tolerance or meat production, as determined by GWAS studies in cattle.  The review reveals several genes associated with heat tolerance, including HSP70, HSP90, HSPs, GRP78, HSF1, SCD5, BLAD, LIF, OSM, TXNRD2, DGCR8, TLR4, GRM8, SMAD3, FBXO44, and RAB39B. Meanwhile, several genes associated with growth performance include LCORL, LOC782905, NCAPG, HERC6, FAM184B, SLIT2, MMRN1, KCNIP4, PLAG1, GH, IGF1, and GHR.  The review also using pathway analysis to finds potential pleiotropic genes, which are genes that influence more than one trait and contribute to genetic correlations among traits. Some of these genes include GH, IGF1, and GHR. This phenomenon in genetics, where a single gene influences or controls multiple different traits, is an impact of genotype-environment interactions.  The results suggest that the effects of pleiotropic genes in livestock, particularly in tropical environments, are significant, especially in relation to heat tolerance and meat or milk production.Environmental and climate factors significantly determine the activity and productivity of livestock. Animals' responses to such conditions, such as heat tolerance, are also affected by these factors, which in turn influence their growth performance. To identify pleiotropic genes that affect both heat tolerance and meat production traits in Thai swamp buffaloes, this review examines genomic variants associated with either heat tolerance or meat production, as determined by GWAS studies in cattle.  The review reveals several genes associated with heat tolerance, including HSP70, HSP90, HSPs, GRP78, HSF1, SCD5, BLAD, LIF, OSM, TXNRD2, DGCR8, TLR4, GRM8, SMAD3, FBXO44, and RAB39B. Meanwhile, several genes associated with growth performance include LCORL, LOC782905, NCAPG, HERC6, FAM184B, SLIT2, MMRN1, KCNIP4, PLAG1, GH, IGF1, and GHR.  The review also using pathway analysis to finds potential pleiotropic genes, which are genes that influence more than one trait and contribute to genetic correlations among traits. Some of these genes include GH, IGF1, and GHR. This phenomenon in genetics, where a single gene influences or controls multiple different traits, is an impact of genotype-environment interactions.  The results suggest that the effects of pleiotropic genes in livestock, particularly in tropical environments, are significant, especially in relation to heat tolerance and meat or milk production.