Review of Utilization of Used Oil into Biodiesel by Using Duck Bone Catalyst to Meet the Needs of Diesel Fuel

Abstract

The growing need for petroleum is a challenge that needs to be anticipated by finding alternative energy sources. Petroleum is a non-renewable energy source, it takes millions or even hundreds of millions of years to convert petroleum raw materials into petroleum, the increase in the amount of petroleum consumption causes depletion of the amount of petroleum, potentially causing an energy crisis in the future. One solution is to process waste cooking oil into biodiesel as an alternative fuel to diesel. In order to generate superior biodiesel with relatively elevated quality, an investigation was conducted on the use of CaO as a solution purifier from impurities, separating glycerol and methyl ester.  Most interestingly, biodiesel can be used in existing diesel engines with little or no modification and little loss of performance. Most research indicates that the inclusion of ample oxygen in biodiesel leads to noteworthy decreases in exhaust emissions