Identification of Hydroclimatic Patterns and Trends in the New Capital of Indonesia (IKN)

Abstract

The Indonesian government has recently begun massive construction of a new capital city, e.g., Ibu Kota Nusantara (IKN) in East Kalimantan province. IKN will become a futuristic city combining modern infrastructures covered with green environments with a vision of achieving low, or even zero, carbon emission by 2023. In order to accomplish this, IKN is required to check environmental entities to find out how the pursued targets perform and what actions should be taken when unexpected deviations occur. Since the region is still being developed, it is crucial to identify and obtain available data from any nearby sources prior initiating to set-up environmental monitoring systems for the land, the water, and the air on the site. The objective of this study is to find hydroclimatic patterns and aim to produce trends of climatic parameters, patterns of wet and dry seasons, occurrences of rainstorms risks causing floodings, and fluctuations of dryness index. The parametric linear model and non-parametric Mann-Kendall (MK) test will be used to evaluate and judge whether there are significant trends in the annual climatic parameters. The water balance equation making up the daily rainfall and evapotranspiration will be applied to mark a transition date between wet and dry season. Furthermore, the Gumbel model will be used to uncover occurrent probability of rainstorms, and rainfall deficit will be referred to describe dryness index. The result of the study will provide valuable information on managing environments by revealing patterns and trends of the parameters.