FAMILY WELL-BEING IN DENSELY POPULATED KAMPUNG SETTLEMENTS: THE ROLES OF FAMILY CHARACTERISTICS, CROWDING, FUNCTIONING, AND RESILIENCE

Abstract

Families living in densely populated settlements are characterized by crowding and congestion, as well as variations in family functioning that influence family well-being and resilience. This study aims to analyze the effects of family characteristics, density, congestion, economic pressure, family functioning, and well-being on family resilience in densely populated settlement areas. Using a cross-sectional design, the study involved 120 families in Ciherang Village, Bogor District, West Java Indonesia, selected through simple random sampling. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential analyses. The sample families were characterized by: (1) both husbands and wives having an average formal education of less than nine years, (2) the majority of husbands working as laborers and most wives as housewives, and (3) nearly two-thirds of families being classified as poor (living at the poverty line), and more than four-fifths categorized as poor using a 1.5-times-poverty-line cutoff point. Structural equation modeling results indicate that family well-being in densely populated settlements is influenced by family characteristics related to time function and family functioning. Meanwhile, family resilience indirectly affects family well-being through family functioning. Another important finding is that family characteristics related to time function significantly affect family functioning, density, resilience, and well-being, while socioeconomic characteristics influence density, congestion, and family well-being. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening family resilience and functioning as key factors influencing the well-being of families living in densely populated settlement areas.