Development of Mangrove Village Typology in North Sumatra, Indonesia: Biophysical and Socio-Economic Approaches

Abstract

This study develops mangrove village typologies in North Sumatra, Indonesia, using biophysical and socio-economic approaches. The objective of this study is to create a typology of mangrove villages, which will inform the adaptation of management strategies, aid in identifying threats and opportunities, and assess the ecological footprint of mangrove ecosystems. Mangrove village typologies was developed using the method Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering And Discriminant Analysis based on six key variables (1) average rate of mangrove deforestation (ha/year), (2) distance from village center to mangrove ecosystem (km), (3) area of ​​mangrove per capita (m²), (4) area of ​​damaged mangroves per capita (m²), (5) pond area per capita (m²) and (6) population density working as farmers and fishermen (persons/km²). The results of this study classify mangrove villages into three typologies: Typology 1, Densely populated, with limited environmental capacity; Typology 2, Economically driven, with high ecological degradation; Typology 3, Conservation-Oriented, with productive coastal utilization. The validation test conducted showed high accuracy based on the confusion matrix of training data (91.44%), validation data (91.07%), and cross-validation (87.64%). The typology of mangrove villages developed can be used to formulate governance policy strategies, conservation planning, and strengthen the green economy based on mangrove village communities.