Design of an Environmental Monitoring and Control System in a Climatic Chamber for True Shallot Seed (TSS) seedlings based on the Internet of Things

Abstract

The microclimate and environmental conditions during the shallot seedling stage significantly influence growth quality. Therefore, a robust monitoring and control system within the climatic chamber is essential to ensure optimal conditions and adjust parameters throughout the cultivation process. This study aims to develop a system for monitoring and controlling the climatic chamber microenvironment and to evaluate the performance of the implemented system. The research involved several stages: system analysis, design, testing, and performance evaluation. The electronic components used include DHT21, DS18B20, BH1750 sensors, an ESP8266 microcontroller, and 4-channel relays as actuators. The monitoring results show that the chamber's environmental temperature ranged from 20.25 to 22.79 °C ± 0.64, humidity levels were between 77.66‒89.31% ± 2.11, nutrient solution temperature ranged from 19.99 to 25 °C ± 1.06, and light intensity was recorded between 2800‒2900 lux ± 145.46. A monitoring system was successfully designed using the Blynk Internet of Things (IoT) application to track microenvironmental parameters in the automated climatic chamber. The control system was also developed using the Millis Syntax Function and the Net Time Protocol (NTP) module in the Arduino IDE, enabling parameter control based on scheduled on/off durations.