Evaluasi sebagai Fondasi Pengembangan Kawasan Transmigrasi Anawua: Analisis Infrastruktur, Sosial–Kelembagaan, Ekonomi, Ekologi, dan Layanan Dasar

Abstract

Regional development disparities remain a major challenge in Indonesia, particularly in rural and transmigration areas, where limited access to basic infrastructure and public services continues to constrain socio-economic development. These limitations significantly affect community productivity, mobility, and overall quality of life. The Anawua Transmigration Area in Kolaka Regency has been designated as a national priority area due to its considerable economic resource potential. However, despite this strategic status, the area has not developed optimally as a result of persistent structural and institutional constraints. This research aims to comprehensively evaluate the current conditions of the Anawua Transmigration Area as a foundation for formulating evidence-based recommendations for regional development and strengthening community economic independence. The study employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating primary and secondary data collected through field surveys, spatial mapping, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), participatory observation, and reviews of official planning and policy documents. The analysis focuses on environmental conditions, infrastructure availability, socio-economic characteristics, human resource capacity, and institutional performance to identify key challenges and development opportunities. The findings indicate that inadequate road infrastructure and the absence of a reliable clean water supply system represent the primary barriers to social and economic activities. Environmental issues, including surface runoff flooding, insufficient waste management, and uncontrolled expansion of oil palm plantations, have further degraded residential conditions. Although significant opportunities exist in agriculture, plantation crops, livestock, and fisheries, their development remains limited due to low human resource capacity and weak community-based economic institutions. Emerging social problems, such as drug abuse, alongside limited access to quality education and healthcare services, further exacerbate local vulnerabilities. These findings underscore the urgent need for integrated development interventions focused on improving basic infrastructure, enhancing human resource capacity, strengthening local economic institutions, and developing locally based agribusiness systems to support sustainable development and long-term economic independence in the Anawua Transmigration Area.